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Hybrid Energy Systems for Coal Industry
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Hybrid Energy Systems, 2021
Changing market conditions are forcing many power plant operators to evaluate and implement alternate modes of operation such that their plants remain capable of dispatching electricity in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Important tools in meeting these criteria are fuel and operational flexibility. There are various ways for existing coal-fired power plants to achieve this. For example, as noted in the first part of this report, there is the potential for some to incorporate solar energy. However, another possibility for existing coal-fired may be cofiring, replacing a percentage of the coal feed with natural gas and burning them together. Within this context, cofiring is the combustion of two different fuels simultaneously to produce heat in a steam generator—it is often implemented in coal-fired power plants using natural gas, or sometimes fuel oil [4,7,8].
Efficient and Low-Carbon Energy Solution through Polygeneration with Biomass
Published in Subhas K. Sikdar, Frank Princiotta, Advances in Carbon Management Technologies, 2021
In Table 2, the present developmental status of biomass upgradation and its conversion technology is shown. For biomass upgradation, palletization is commercially available technology. However, torrefaction and pyrolysis are at R&D and demonstration stages, respectively. Gasification technology is in its early commercial stage and combustion technology is a commercially available technology. To utilize the gasification process, integrated gasification fuel cells are at the R&D stage. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), Stirling engine and IGCC are in the demonstration phase. Indirect cofiring, parallel cofiring and direct cofiring of biomass with coal are at the stage of demonstration, early commercial and commercial use, respectively. Aerobic Digestion (AD) technology is commercially available. However, microbial fuel cells are at the R&D stage.
Two-Component Coal Combustion
Published in A. Williams, M. Pourkashanian, J. M. Jones, N. Skorupska, Combustion and Gasification of Coal, 2018
A. Williams, M. Pourkashanian, J. M. Jones, N. Skorupska
The same approach can be taken with waste. The types of waste suitable for co-firing include biomass waste, municipal solid waste, and automotive tires. The composition is variable but has a calorific value between 10–20 MW/kg, depending on the extent of recycling to which it has been subjected (i.e., paper, plastic, cardboard removal). Its nonhomogeneous nature means that it is more suitable for fixed- or fluidized-bed combustion, or gasification, rather than for use as pulverized fuel. However, if the waste is taken from a controlled source, e.g., waste paper, with a constant calorific value, then the process of co-firing is simplified. In the other extreme, relatively small amounts of certain toxic wastes can be co-fired with coal in cement manufacture. The cement contains the trace elements in a generally satisfactory way — although great care has to be used to ensure that it meets the required environmental emission standards.
Optimal governmental incentives for biomass cofiring to reduce emissions in the short-term
Published in IISE Transactions, 2021
Cofiring has been recognized as a short-term solution to reducing CO2 emissions from power plants that use conventional fossil fuel. Viable alternatives for long-term CO2 reduction solutions are technologies, such as CO2 sequestration, oxy-firing, and carbon loop combustion, which are discussed in the literature (IPCC, 2014). However, these technologies still remain in the early- to mid-stages of development (Basu et al., 2011). Cofiring, on the other hand, is a well-proven and relatively inexpensive technology currently used in many countries around the world. During the last 15 years, the European Union led the development of this technology and supported investments in installation capacity (Sullivan and Meijer, 2010; Basu et al., 2011; IEA, 2012; Cleaves, 2014). According to the International Energy Agency, “the overall policy-setting in the U.S. is not favorable toward biomass/coal cofiring” (IEA, 2012).
Analyzing tax incentives for producing renewable energy by biomass cofiring
Published in IISE Transactions, 2018
Hadi Karimi, Sandra Duni Ekşioğlu, Amin Khademi
This study investigates the impacts of governmental incentives on renewable energy generation via biomass cofiring in coal-fired power plants. The literature indicates that biomass cofiring is readily available technology that is relatively easy to implement and will significantly reduce CO2 emissions among existing coal-fired power plants.