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Debris and Solid Wastes in Flood Plain Management
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Flood Handbook, 2022
Sama M. Al-Jubouri, Basma I. Waisi, Saeid Eslamian
Mostly, the aims of solid waste and debris management, if any, can be considered as hard and inconsistent/impractical to attain. The ideal objectives of solid waste and debris management can be specified as:Quick removal of solid waste and debris disposal and provide economic recovery to the affected environment.Complete protection to life, human health and safety, and the environment.Diminishing public health risks and ensuring a convenient return to normal activities.Securing the necessities of life and creating instant short-term job opportunities.Building government abilities and establishing sustainable systems of waste management.
Solid waste and landfill leachate
Published in Manish Kumar, Sanjeeb Mohapatra, Kishor Acharya, Contaminants of Emerging Concerns and Reigning Removal Technologies, 2022
Sasmita Chand, Bhubaneswar Pradhan, Sujata Chand, Sushanta Kumar Naik
Exponential growth in population, rapid urbanization, industrialization, economic development, and an overall improvement in living standard has led to the generation of huge amounts of waste production in India. The waste management systems in India are not adequate due to their dependence on insufficient waste infrastructure, the informal sector, and open dumping when compared to developed countries. Lack of effective solid waste management policies, appropriate technology, and sufficiency of trained manpower for waste management are some of the major challenges. Therefore, community awareness and changes in mindset among the public is the need of hour for developing an appropriate and sustainable solid waste management strategy. Extensive techniques of waste management and alternatives such as source reduction and increase in recycling rate and increase in the number of recycling industries should be implemented. This will also provide new employment opportunities, increase the proper disposal, and bring awareness about the service. Additionally, there should be research collaboration between production plants and the research institutions to develop the waste-to-energy plants for the development of effective waste management techniques and technology and study of environmental impacts.
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A Future Free from Persistent Organic Pollutants and Other Toxic Chemicals for All
Published in Narendra Kumar, Vertika Shukla, Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment, 2021
Anupam Khajuria, Prabhat Verma
The 3R practices (reduce, reuse, and recycle) are a fundamental hierarchy strategy for waste management. They follow the sequence of first identifying reduction opportunities, which refers to reducing the amount of waste by increasing resource efficiency and extending product lifetimes; then reuse opportunities, which refers to reusing parts of used items after giving them proper treatment; and then recycling opportunities, which refers to recycling resources as raw materials. This strategy is also relevant for reducing toxic wastes. The first step, reducing waste generation, is the most environmentally sustainable solution for the reduction of toxic wastes. It may also include a policy to substitute less-hazardous components, implement more efficient processs, and practice on-site neutralization. The second step, reusing waste, is effectively a method to close the loop, rerouting wastes from disposal for reuse in either the same product or another without any reconditioning or energy investment toward reclaiming valuables. The reuse of toxic waste must be carefully handled, and may include reverse chemical distribution fuel blending and waste-to-energy technology. The final step, recycling, implies putting toxic wastes through a process in which POPs are reclaimed as a resource that can be used for the same product or a different one. Some examples of toxic-waste recycling include universal waste management of batteries and light bulbs, electronic-waste recycling, and oil recovery. Advanced recycling technology may require additional energy and costs to recover valuables.
Optimization of liquid hot water pretreatment for extraction of nanocellulose crystal from South African waste corncobs
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Oluwagbenga A. Olawuni, Olawumi O. Sadare, Kapil Moothi
The continuous rise in global population growth has led to high agricultural production and amplified food demand, thus leading to an increased generation of agricultural residue. The waste generated has negatively impacted the environment through improper disposal of waste that builds up in landfills and sometimes gets burned, polluting the environment and endangering human health (Wijaya et al. 2019; Magagula et al. 2022). The challenges with waste management include poor collection, improper management, and corrupt behavior regarding waste management by various industries. Therefore, indiscriminate waste disposal can affect human health and plants, injure animals, interrupt natural ecosystems, and discharge poisonous pollutants into the atmosphere (Sadare et al. 2022). The unprecedented increase in population rate observed in South Africa lately has resulted in overwhelming the country’s municipalities and waste management capacities, thereby incapable of providing adequate services (Simatele et al. 2017). The global waste generation rose to 2.43 billion metric tons as of 2021, and about 20% of that was appropriately recycled (Tiseo 2022). In a developing country like South Africa, approximately 54.2 million tons of waste were generated in 2019, with almost 10% being recycled appropriately (Award 2019).
Moving towards green lubrication: tribological behavior and chemical characterization of spent coffee grounds oil
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Jessica Pichler, Rosa Maria Eder, Lukas Widder, Markus Varga, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann, Marcella Frauscher
Within the European Union, Directive (EU) 2018/851, an amendment to Directive 2008/98/EC on waste, provides improved waste management requirements and guidance addressing the whole life-cycle of products, thus, promoting the idea of a truly circular economy (6). Considering waste as a valuable resource can reduce its environmental impact, which is necessary to protect, preserve and improve the quality of the environment. The sustainability roadmap of the European Circular Economy package aims at a recycling rate of 55% of municipal waste by 2025, a separate collection of hazardous household waste by 2022, and bio-waste by 2023 (7). The Directive advises member states to take responsibility for preventing waste generation in the first place or otherwise to implement suitable long-term recovery strategies for re-using and recycling waste material. These include processes that promote and support sustainable production and consumption, design-to-recycle or reuse, food waste reduction in primary production and food donation, reduction of industrial waste products, and the determination of primary sources of natural and marine litter (6).
A review on recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) characteristics to promote RCA utilization in developing sustainable recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Aamar Danish, Mohammad Ali Mosaberpanah
No doubt that the production of concrete is not an environmental friendly process by its nature. Life of aggregate moves various steps as shown in Figure 1 and the available hierarchy of C&DW disposal options propose six levels (from low to high) of environmental impacts (Peng et al., 1997) as shown in Figure 2. There are three important waste minimising processes collectively known as ‘3Rs’ which includes reduction, reuse and recycle. Concrete recycling, being the most important method to reduce construction waste gives three most important benefits: (i) lessens the requirement of new resources, (ii) reduces transport and energy (production) cost and (iii) utilisation of waste (Edwards, 1999) as shown in Figure 3. C&DW constitute of demolished or waste concrete, masonry, wood and miscellaneous (wires, glass, pipes, insulation, soil, etc.) (Coventry et al., 1999). C&DW constitutes of 50% of demolished and waste concrete (Li, 2002). Apart from demolishing a structure, some other operations are leading to C&DW are; (i) over order/demand, (ii) breakage during transportation, (iii) waste during installation, (iv) change in design and (v) poor workmanship.