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Socioeconomic Impacts and Rural Development of Biogas Technology
Published in Prakash K. Sarangi, Latika Bhatia, Biotechnology for Waste Biomass Utilization, 2023
Debasmita Panda, Bhabjit Pattnaik, Mousumi Meghamala Nayak
Energy sources are categorized into two types, one is renewable and the other one is non-renewable. Renewable energy comprises wind, hydro, solar, geothermal, oceanic, naturally produced solar energy, and biomass the inexhaustible resources that have the intrinsic ability of renewable resources to reappear or replenish by own self through recycling, reproduction, regeneration, or replacement. Despite the sun’s definite life period, solar energy is considered a renewable resource because of two specific reasons: first is the faster supply of solar energy as compared to the rate it is used and second is the emitting of solar energy that could evolve up to numerous human generations before the sun virtually ceased.
Need for Advanced Materials and Technologies
Published in Sreedevi Upadhyayula, Amita Chaudhary, Advanced Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment, 2021
Neeraj Kumari, Sushma, Firdaus Parveen
Natural resources are materials such as air, sunlight, soil, water, and fossil fuels that exist in nature without any human activity. These resources are used for various purposes such as aesthetic, commercial, industrial, cultural, and scientific purposes (58). There are mainly two types of natural resources based on their rate of generation and replenishment compared to their consumption, as shown in Fig. 3.10: Renewable resources: Resources that can be replenished faster than their consumption, such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass, water energy. These resources can be replenished naturally over a short period of time.Non-renewable resources: Resources that are available in limited quantities and cannot be replenished over a short period. The rate of consumption is more than the rate of formation. Examples are coal, natural gas, petroleum, etc.
Energy and Environment
Published in T.M. Aggarwal, Environmental Control in Thermal Power Plants, 2021
About 16% of global final energy consumption presently comes from renewable resources, with 10% [4] of all energy from traditional biomass, mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels) account for another 3% and are growing rapidly. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of energy supply. National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the coming decade and beyond. Wind power, for example, is growing at the rate of 30% annually, with a worldwide installed capacity of 282,482 megawatts (MW) at the end of 2012.
Utilization of biomass and waste resources for renewable hydrogen production: A comprehensive study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
G. Kubilay Karayel, Nader Javani, Ibrahim Dincer
The primary source of electricity in Turkey is still fossil fuels. From a technical aspect, the conversion of electricity to hydrogen has lower efficiency. Yet, a combination of different renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, ocean, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energies has been considered to estimate the hydrogen production potential around different provinces in Turkey (Dincer et al. 2021). According to the energy exchange company of Turkey (EPIAS), the annual electricity consumption in 2019 was 289.4 TWh (Transparency platform, real-time generation EXIST EPIAS 2021), from which, 58% is supplied by fossil fuel-based power plants and 50.5% of the total capacity (Transparency platform, real-time generation EXIST EPIAS 2021). Renewable resources such as solar power can also be used to supply the required power demand (Karayel et al. 2021).
Modified Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter for Hybrid Renewable Energy Applications
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
In recent years, the power shortage has been a big problem. To avoid the deficiency of power, a large installation of renewable energy sources is needed. Solar, wind, ocean energy, wave power, tidal power and hydroelectricity are some of the renewable resources. From these renewable sources, solar and wind are desirable because, their advantages and installation features are highly linked with additional resources [1–3]. A single-phase CHMLI with hybrid PV/wind and battery source, producing input ranging from 9 to 17 levels, is considered in this research work. The analyzed performance variables are voltage stress across the switch, harmonics contents and the number of switches [4]. In the proposed work, 3 different sources are connected to the grid through MLI and are controlled by the ANN tool. Furthermore, cascaded MLIs are extensively practical in PV systems microgrid interface. Microgrid refers to a set of loads interconnected together and has scattered sources of energy within the specified electrical boundaries which stands as a single controllable unit of the corresponding grid. It can be used in both grid-connected mode and island model.
A perspective of COVID 19 impact on global economy, energy and environment
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2021
S. Shanmuga Priya, Erdem Cuce, K. Sudhakar
Governments around the world place substantial confidence in renewable energies as an essential tool in overcoming the environmental problems associated with CO2 emissions. Most of the support in this context is focused around the ‘new’ renewables, which are namely solar, wind, and modern biomass. One of the fundamental features of renewable energy is the diversity of technology and resource that it can integrate. Effective use of renewable resources has tremendous potential to improve the economy and to reduce emissions. With direct business benefits, it could strengthen the economy, the overall capacity of regional players to boost science and technology-based growth. The solar PV output addition all over the World was about 100 GW in 2018 (World Energy Outlook 2019). Solar photovoltaic cells and solar inverters are the primary constituents of solar electricity production, which cost almost 65–75 percent of total cost and are mostly dependent on Chinese imports (Das 2020). Estimated to supply almost 17% of world primary energy according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), Renewables has undergone remarkable worldwide development, with the maximum growth in solar photovoltaics with annual growth of 42 percent in the last decade and wind growth of 27 percent in the last decade (Scarlat et al. 2015). It is further expected to rise to about 55% – 75% of gross final energy consumption by the year 2050.