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General Methods of Sample Preparation for Infrared Hyphenated Techniques
Published in Patricia B. Coleman, Practical Sampling Techniques for INFRARED ANALYSIS, 2020
Figure 36 shows the spectra of peaks 12 and 15 identified as cis- and trans-methyl cinnamate. Figure 37 shows the spectra of peaks 6 and 14 identified as linalool and methyleugenol. Peaks 6, 12, and 14 were observed but not specifically identified in a previous study of basil volatiles prepared by SFE.46Figure 38 shows the spectrum of estragole and chavicol from peaks 8 and 9, respectively. The structures of estragole, chavicol, and chavicol acetate are shown in Figure 39. The presence of chavicol acetate in basil is suspected, but has not yet been established by GC/FT-IR. Table 5 lists the compounds (excluding the sesquiterpenes) identified in this study.
A Short Overview on Anti-Diabetic Natural Products: Reviewing the Herbotherapeutic Potentials
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Natural Products Pharmacology and Phytochemicals for Health Care, 2021
Mojabir Hussen Ansari, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
The P. betle leaves reported to yield an alkaloid arakene. Chief components of the leaves is volatile oil, 0.9 to 1.8% chavicol, betelphenol, eugenol 0.32%, allyl pyrocatechin 0.71%, terpene, cineol 0.04%, caryophyllene 3.71%, and menthone. Piper betle also contain chavibetol 53.1%, chavibetol acetate 15.5%, chavibetol methyl ether 0.48%, campene 0.48%, f-pinene 0.21%, u-limonene 0.14%, and saprobe 0.11%. Other than chemical constituent, elemental composition are present P. betle such as water 85–90%, protein 3%, fat 1%, mineral 3%, energy 44 kcal/100g, essential oil 0.2%, tannins 0.1–0.3%, vitamin A 2%, vitamin C 0.01%, Nitrogen 2–7%, and phosphorus 0.05–0.6%, respectively.
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Carbonyl selenide Carbonyl sulfide Carboxin S,S-dioxide N-(Carboxymethyl)-N-methylglycine 8-Carboxyquinoline 2-Carboxythiophene 1-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium, inner salt Carbromal Carbutamide Carbyloxime Carfimate Carmustine Carnegine Carnitine, O-propanoyl -Carotene Carvacrol Carzenide Catechol monoethyl ether CDT CDTA Cellocidin Cephaeline Cerespan Cerotic acid Cetane 1-Cetene Cetyl alcohol Cetyl lactate Cetyl mercaptan Cetyl palmitate Cetylpyridinium chloride Cetyl stearate Chalcone Chaulmoogric acid Chavicol Chelidonic acid Chenodiol Chimyl alcohol Chloral Chloral alcoholate Chloral ammonia Chloral formamide Chloramben Chloraminophenamide Chloranil Chlordecone Chlorfenac Chlorindanol Chlorine cyanide -Chloroacetophenone m-Chloroacetophenone p-Chloroacetophenone 2-Chloroacrylic acid 4-Chloro-2-anisidine N-Chlorobenzenesulfonamide sodium p-Chlorobenzenesulfonic acid 4-Chlorobenzenethiol, S-methyl, S,S-dioxide o-Chlorobenzotrifluoride m-Chlorobenzotrifluoride p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride 2-Chlorobenzyl chloride 3-Chlorobenzyl chloride 4-Chlorobenzyl chloride 2-(2-Chlorobenzyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,2oxazolidin-3-one 2-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-2-propylamine 3-Chloro-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-ol : 1752 : 1753 : 8483 : 7382 : 9431 : 10071 : 845 : 278 : 274 : 5474 : 5285 : 931 : 9846 : 9194 : 1776 : 6515 : 427 : 4858 : 2548 : 2621 : 1677 : 10488 : 8506 : 5742 : 5747 : 5756 : 5753 : 5764 : 5750 : 5762 : 5768 : 5769 : 4521 : 2675 : 202 : 8478 : 3717 : 5766 : 10194 : 10232 : 433 : 10242 : 295 : 283 : 9741 : 6568 : 10207 : 1984 : 2514 : 1845 : 2238 : 2239 : 2277 : 2090 : 1814 : 1889 : 2164 : 2331 : 2332 : 2333 : 1950 : 1951 : 1952 : 2428 : 2349 : 8863 6-Chloro-N-tert-butyl-N'-ethyl-1,3,5triazine-2,4-diamine 5-Chloro-3-tert-butyl-6-methyl2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 1-Chloro-4-[[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]thio]benzene 4-Chloro-o-cresol 6-Chloro-o-cresol 4-Chloro-m-cresol 6-Chloro-m-cresol 2-Chloro-p-cresol 3-Chloro-p-cresol Chlorocyanohydrin 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethylene 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 6-Chloro-N,N'-diisopropyl-1,3,5triazine-2,4-diamine 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethyl-10Hphenothiazine-10-propanamine Chlorodiphenylarsine Chlorodiphenylphosphine 2-Chloroethanamine hydrochloride -Chloroethyl acetate Chloroethylene carbonate 1-Chloro-3-ethyl-1-penten-4-yn-ol 2-Chloroethyl phenyl ketone 3-Chloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene Chloroflurazole Chloroform 4-(Chloroformyl)phthalic anhydride -Chlorohydrin 5-Chloroisatoic anhydride 6-Chloro-N-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine2,4-diamine 6-Chlorometanilic acid Chloromethapyrilene 1-Chloro-2-methoxybenzene 1-Chloro-3-methoxybenzene 1-Chloro-4-methoxybenzene N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide sodium Chloromethyl cyanide Chloromethyl O,O-diethyl dithiophosphate Chloromethyl ethyl ether Chloromethylmagnesium (Chloromethyl)oxirane N'-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-N,Ndimethylurea (Chloromethyl)trichlorosilane o-Chloronitrobenzene m-Chloronitrobenzene p-Chloronitrobenzene 4-Chloro-3-nitrotoluene 3-Chlorophenacyl bromide p-Chlorophenacyl bromide N'-[4-(4-Chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-N,Ndimethylurea N-[[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide 4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine 2-Chloro-p-phenylenediamine Chlorophenylmagnesium Chlorophenylmercury N'-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-Nmethylurea 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone, () : 9691 : 9689
A Computational Screening on Inhibitability of Piper Betle Essential Oil Chemical Structures against Spike Proteins of Mutated SARS-CoV-2-variants D614G, N501Y, and S477N
Published in Smart Science, 2022
Phan Tu Quy, Tran Thi Ai My, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai, Thanh Q. Bui, Duong Tuan Quang, Nguyen Thanh Triet, Phan Phuoc Hien, Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
In most Piper species (Figure 2), their essential oil comprises a myriad of bioactive chemotypes, such as chavicol, germacrene D, isoeugenol, chavibetol, eugenol, anethole and safrole chemotypes [19]. The essential oil of Piper betle mainly contains phenylpropanoids and chavibetol is known as the characteristic component of the plant. Chavicol, a volatile compound in betel leaves, has been reported to be a powerful antiseptic agent, whose efficacy is comparable with carbolic acid [20]. Eugenol, primary constituents of the essential oil from the Piper betle leaves, has been described as exhibiting outstanding antimicrobial properties against a variety of fungi, viruses (human herpes, Ebola and HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses), and a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species [21,22]. A mixture of eugenol and several antibiotics were demonstrated performing synergistic effects against bacteria. The explanation is that eugenol induces defects on bacterial membrane, thus promoting penetrability of some antibiotics [23]. Many derivatives of eugenol are in use as folk antiseptic and anesthetic [24]. Similar to those of the versatile drugs, these compounds also contain homocyclic aromatic 5-rings in their molecular structure, thus suggesting their promising development for enzymatic inhibition.