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Biopesticides and the Toolbox Approach to Pest Management
Published in James N. Seiber, Thomas M. Cahill, Pesticides, Organic Contaminants, and Pathogens in Air, 2022
James N. Seiber, Thomas M. Cahill
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a popular culinary herb throughout the world. Essential oil derived from basil (basil oil) has shown to be a potent biopesticide and food preservative (Li and Chang, 2016). Basil oil contains more than 200 chemicals such as linalool, estragole, and eugenol. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Commission have accepted and classified the components from basil (O. basilicum) oil as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Carvacrol, linalool, and pulegone showed excellent potency against thrips, melon fly, and turnip aphids (Sampson et al., 2005). Basil oil and its major components trans-anethole, estragole, and linalool are very potent against adult fruit flies Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Chang et al., 2009). Electrophysiological studies indicated that linalool inhibits both mammalian γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (Li et al., 2020), which may explain its insecticidal activity. Linalool is a concentration-dependent, noncompetitive inhibitor on the GABAAR. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of linalool on the GABAAR and nAChR was approximately 3.2 and 3.0 mM, respectively (Li et al., 2020).
General Methods of Sample Preparation for Infrared Hyphenated Techniques
Published in Patricia B. Coleman, Practical Sampling Techniques for INFRARED ANALYSIS, 2020
Figure 36 shows the spectra of peaks 12 and 15 identified as cis- and trans-methyl cinnamate. Figure 37 shows the spectra of peaks 6 and 14 identified as linalool and methyleugenol. Peaks 6, 12, and 14 were observed but not specifically identified in a previous study of basil volatiles prepared by SFE.46Figure 38 shows the spectrum of estragole and chavicol from peaks 8 and 9, respectively. The structures of estragole, chavicol, and chavicol acetate are shown in Figure 39. The presence of chavicol acetate in basil is suspected, but has not yet been established by GC/FT-IR. Table 5 lists the compounds (excluding the sesquiterpenes) identified in this study.
Encapsulation of volatile oils with antimicrobial activity in chitosan-βCD molecular inclusion complexes by spray drying
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Wanderley P. Oliveira, Luciane M. Miguel
By comparing the experimental maximum and minimum DL values of Eugenol and Thymol in the SA and LS VOs βCD MICs, we can verify that the former is near 22% higher, although in the liquid feed the difference is only 12%. This trend can also be observed in the experimental results for the VOs mixture (MIX-VO), where the values obtained for Eugenol are almost 55% higher than those determined for Thymol. These results evidence a high affinity for Eugenol compared to Thymol during the MICs formation. Eugenol has also exhibited the highest binding affinity with βCD compared with four other constituents of Ocimum basilicum VO, namely methyl eugenol, linalool, estragole, and eucalyptol-βCD.[37] Competitive βCD complexation experiments performed with Thymol and Eugenol have shown a ratio of 50:50,[17] but experiments were done with simple mixtures. The simultaneous competition of the other compounds diminished the complexation affinity of both markers’ constituents slightly,[38,39] but the effects appear to be more significant for Thymol than Eugenol.
Effect of infrared radiation-hot air (IR-HA) drying on kinetics and quality changes of star anise (Illicium verum)
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Ya-Xin Wen, Lin-Yun Chen, Bian-Sheng Li, Zheng Ruan, Qi Pan
Then the mass spectrometry method was used by electron impact (EI). The temperatures of the ion trap, and the transfer line were 230 °C and 280 °C respectively. Mass scanning was ranged from 40 amu to 350 amu. Mass spectrometry detection time was ranged from 0.5 min to 50 min. The NIST Library and Saturn Standard Library were used to analyze the mass spectrometric data. Several analytical standards were used for calibrating the analyzing result. The analytical standards included △3-carene, limonene, linalool, estragole, cis-anethole, anisaldehyde, trans-anethole, α-bergamotene, and β-caryophyllene (Sigma-Aldrich co., Ltd.). If the sample can be volatilized completely and there are few small peaks in the chromatogram, volatile composition contents can be considered as the area percentage of the certain component to the total.
Changes in the morphological traits and the essential oil content of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as induced by cadmium and lead treatments
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Linalool increases the commercial potential value of the plant. On the other side, obtained results of control samples (Table 4) indicated that estragole, 1,8-cineole, and linalool are the main components of the sweet basil EO yield. According to Yadav et al. (2013), estragole has less toxicity in the presence of other EO components and can be used safely for its inflammatory impacts as cream or ointment application. In addition, Clarke (2008) mentioned that basil plants containing estragole with 22–88% can be effectively applied for aromatherapy and can be used as a natural insecticide (LingChang et al. 2009).