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Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Delivery Applications
Published in Ann Rose Abraham, Soney C. George, A. K. Haghi, Carbon Nanotubes, 2023
Jahanvee Mitra, G. K. P. Srilekha, Nilesh Wagh, Jaya Lakkakula
Carboplatin is a low-molecular weight platinum anticancer drug most commonly used for the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. The platinum-derived anticancer drugs usually have short blood circulation time which lowers its DNA binding and tumor uptake capacity. So, the carboplatin was conjugated with the folate molecule (FA). As we know, SWCNTs are of high interest for delivery of drugs, the folate-conjugated platinum (IV) complex was loaded on the surface of amine-functionalized SWCNTs and a smart delivery system was constructed. MTT assay was used to study the potential of SWCNTs–NH2–Pt(IV) to detect and destroy the PC-3 cells and uterine epithelial cancer cells and it was observed that cis-DDP could successfully reach the DNA in the nucleus and caused cytotoxicity of the cells. Shanta Dhar et al. demonstrated the ability of folate (FA) and Pt (IV) conjugated SWCNTs for entry into nuclear DNA and also the formation of cross-links with the DNA molecule in the presence of a monoclonal antibody R-C18. This experiment demonstrates the potential of a CNT-based delivery system in biomedical applications in the immediate future.64
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Published in Chad A. Mirkin, Spherical Nucleic Acids, 2020
Shanta Dhar, Weston L. Daniel, David A. Giljohann, Chad A. Mirkin, Stephen J. Lippard
The clinical success of cisplatin [1, 2] has been a major impetus for the evolution of a family of platinum anticancer drugs. Cisplatin and its analogue, carboplatin, are among the most commonly used antitumor drugs today [3]. Cisplatin is highly effective in the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers and is widely employed for managing bladder, cervical, head and neck, esophageal, and small-cell lung cancer. Like other chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin has side effects including kidney toxicity, nausea, hearing impairment, and irreversible peripheral nerve damage [4–6]. Synthetic delivery systems have great potential for overcoming problems associated with systemic toxicity that accompanies chemotherapy, including platinum-based treatment [7]. Finding successful candidates and strategies for the delivery of platinum anticancer drugs has been a subject of extensive research. To reduce side effects and target tumor tissue, we [8–10] and others [11, 12] have been investigating a variety of nanoparticulate delivery vehicles over the past several years. Polyvalent oligonucleotide gold nanoparticle conjugates (DNA-AuNPs) have appealing properties for drug delivery applications, including high cellular uptake in a variety of cell types, no demonstrated toxicity inherent to the conjugate, and resistance to enzymatic degradation [13–15].
Syntheses, structure, DNA-binding and DFT studies of a Cu(II) complex based on a pyrazolone derivative
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Wei Xi, Cai-Yun Wang, Huan-Huan Meng, Xue-Qin Song
Cancer is a major chronic disease that seriously endangers human health and it is documented that many cancers, such as lung cancer, skin cancer or breast cancer, have been found to have different symptoms and causes, but all are caused by abnormalities in DNA sequences [1]. Meanwhile, numerous biological experiments have demonstrated that DNA is the main target for anticancer drugs [2, 3]. For example, the mechanism of carboplatin for treating cancer is that it mainly crosslinked with the DNA chain of cells to destroy DNA and inhibit tumor growth [4]. Therefore, studies on the interaction of compounds with DNA is attracting attention and as a result, huge quantities of such compounds, including metal compounds have been reported [5, 6]. For instance, Pt(II) complex displays an efficient DNA-binding ability in an intercalative mode and certain Pt(II) complexes could efficiently cleave DNA with a micromolar concentration without any external reagents [7, 8]. In addition, the Mn(II), Pd(II), and Co(II) complexes all could bind calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) via intercalation in-between DNA-bases [9–12]. The action effect of Cu(II) complex on DNA have been studied for developing novel anticancer drugs [13]since the mixture of copper chloride and lecithin was utilized to treat facial cancer patients in Germany in 1912. As one of the indispensable trace elements in the human body, copper plays important roles in life activities, such as energy metabolism, respiration and DNA synthesis. Copper exists in all organs and tissues of people, and is usually in combination with proteins or other organic compounds, rather than as free copper ions [14, 15]. Copper has the effect of cracking nucleic acids directly due to its variable coordination structure and catalytic activity of activated small molecules [16], which renders it special biological activity and catalytic effect on the life system.