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Revolutionary Approaches of Induced Stem Cells in Disease Prevention
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited red blood cell disorder caused by a single point mutation in the β-globin gene of hemoglobin. The creation of induced pluripotent stem cell lines by gene targeting and replacement therapy repairs gene defects in hematopoietic progenitors. And the resulting progenitors produced normal red blood cells and cured the disease (Hanna et al., 2007). Cord blood is a suitable source of iPSCs due to its accessibility and minor genetic alterations (Giorgetti et al., 2009; Takenaka et al., 2009). Peripheral blood is another important source of iPSCs for instance; T-lymphocytes can be transformed into iPSCs using transient expression methods (Okita et al., 2013). This protocol can now be applied to many other diseases for which treatment or medicine.
Toxic Responses of the Blood
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
The red blood cells, or erythrocytes, carry hemoglobin in the circulation. In mammals, they lose their nuclei before entering the circulation. In man, they survive in the circulation for an average of 120 days. The average normal red blood cell count is 5.4 × 106 cells/μL in men and 4.8 × 106 cells/μL in women. In contrast, there are normally 4,000 to 10,000 white blood cells/μL of blood. Of these, the granulocyte, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are the most numerous. Most of the white blood cells contain neutrophilic granules (neutrophils), but a few contain granules that stain with acid dyes (eosinophil) and some have basophilic granules (basophil). The other two cell types found normally in peripheral blood are lymphocytes and monocytes. The platelets are small, granulated bodies and there are about 300,000/μL of circulating blood.
Health Aspects of Using Reclaimed Water in Engineering Projects
Published in Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid, Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, 2020
Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid
Some examples of somatic health effects observed in irradiated populations include bone cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, malignancies, thyroid cancer, life span shortening, and cataracts. Cancers are most frequent in the skin, bone, and the thyroid gland of exposed persons. Bone cancer develops when radium or other radioelements that are chemically similar to calcium are ingested. These radioelements when deposited in the bones are eliminated very slowly. Cataracts (impairment of vision) result from exposure of the eye lens to relatively high dosages of X-rays, gamma rays, beta particles, or neutrons. The growing cells in the eye lens are affected by developing abnormal fibers in the lens. After several years of exposure the lens becomes opaque. Lung cancers may be attributed to the dispersion of radon into the atmosphere as, for instance, in the case or underground mines. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood-forming organs with an excessive production of malfunctioning white blood cells and also a concurrent shortage of hemoglobin.
An Efficient Hybrid Model for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia detection using Convolutional Bi-LSTM based Recurrent Neural Network
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Over the past few years, medical imaging is one of the most significant visualisation techniques in medical science. It has obtained huge enlargement of new and dominant equipment for sending, identifying, examining and demonstrating medical images. This directs to the huge development in the area of image processing methods for resolving medical issues. The major objectives of the image analysis are to gather data, recognition and the treatment of diseases (Aljaboriy et al. 2019). The blood is composed of three various types of cells, namely red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells (WBCs), as well as the plasma. The WBCs consist of monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, basophils and neutrophils. Various types of cancers that affect the human body are lung cancer, colorectal, leukaemia, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, etc. The most fatal disease is caused by WBC disease which leads to leukaemic disease (Mohammed and Abdulla 2021).
Leukemia Detection Using Invariant Structural Cascade Segmentation Based on Deep Vectorized Scaling Neural Network
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2023
A. Arthi, V. Vennila, U. Arun Kumar
Leukemia is an early stage of blood formation, and the condition is most often defined by the uncontrolled proliferation of blood cells involving white blood cells in the bone marrow. Leukemia is considered to be a precancerous stage of blood formation. Leukemia is a disease that may affect both children and adults and is caused by an abnormal production of white blood cells (WBC) by the bone marrow. According on the length of time the disease has been present, leukemia may be classified as either acute or chronic. These categories are broken down further according to how far the sickness has progressed and how severe it has become. Chronic leukemia, on the other hand, often progresses slowly but steadily and mostly affects adults. Children are often the patients who are diagnosed with acute leukemia, which is characterized by a quick deterioration of their health.
A Comparison of Different Bayesian Models for Leukemia Data
Published in American Journal of Mathematical and Management Sciences, 2022
Maria Rafique, Sajid Ali, Ismail Shah, Bilal Ashraf
Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that starts within the bone marrow and results in high numbers of abnormal blood cells, which generate tumors that influence the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system. These abnormal blood cells are called impacts or leukemia cells. The general symptoms of leukemia include, feeling tired, fever, an expanded hazard of contaminations, and bruising. These symptoms happen due to the need of regular blood cells to the body and can be detected by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy. The exact cause of leukemia is still unknown. A combination of hereditary variables and natural (non-inherited) components are thought to play a part. Hazard variables like smoking, ionizing radiation, a few chemicals (such as benzene), earlier chemotherapy, and down disorder are also thought to play role in the development of this disease. Individuals with a family history of leukemia are at higher risk of this disease. There are four main types of leukemia: (i) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), (ii) Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), (iii) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and (iv) Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).