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Carbon Materials for Nanogenerators
Published in Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Tariq Altalhi, Nanogenerators, 2023
Carbon black is produced by thermal decomposition method or partial combustion method using hydrocarbons such as petroleum or natural gas as raw materials. Another parameter that determines the properties of carbon black other than microstructure is the production method. Production methods of the carbon black are Furnace Black Process, Channel Process, Acetylene Black Process and Lampblack Process. The most common of these processes is the Furnace Black Process, and the quality of the carbon black obtained in this process is higher than the carbon black obtained in other processes (Moulin et al. 2017; Samaržija-Jovanović et al. 2009; Tang et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2011).
Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Substances
Published in Małgorzata Pośniak, Emerging Chemical Risks in the Work Environment, 2020
2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide can cause cancer of the pharynx, larynx, and lungs. Lung, skin, and bladder cancers may occur in those working in coking plants. Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation can cause leukemia and liver, lungs, bone, breast, and thyroid cancers. Occupational exposure to carbon black can cause esophageal, lung, and skin cancers [Blair et al. 2011; Loomis et al. 2018].
Products
Published in Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk, Petroleum Refining, 2019
Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk
Carbon black is an industrially manufactured colloidal carbon material in the form of spheres and their fused aggregates with sizes below 1000 nm (Fitzer et al., 1995). Carbon black is a commercial product manufactured by thermal decomposition or by incomplete combustion of carbon hydrogen compounds, and has a well-defined morphology with a minimum content of tars or other extraneous materials. For historical reasons, carbon black is popularly but incorrectly regarded as a form of soot, and the same word is often used to designate both materials. Carbon black is manufactured under controlled conditions, whereas soot is randomly formed, and they can be distinguished on the basis of tar, ash content, and impurities.
Upcycling textile wastes: challenges and innovations
Published in Textile Progress, 2021
Zunjarrao Kamble, Bijoya Kumar Behera
Conventionally, activated carbon is produced from coal, coconut shells, peach pits, sawdust, wood, lignin, petroleum coke, peat, and carbon black (Saleem, Bin, Hijab, Mackey, & McKay, 2019). Wanassi et al. (2017) reported that waste cotton could be used as a precursor for developing an activated carbon, and that particular activated carbon could remove Alizarin S dye from effluent. Chen, Qian, et al. (2019), in their study, developed activated carbon from cotton textile waste. Carbon black can also be made, and it is used in rubber and plastics as a reinforcing agent, in pigments, coatings, in the adsorption of pollutants, as a colouring agent for ink, paints, resins, and films, and as a conductive agent in electronic equipment (Singh & Vander Wal, 2018; Application Examples of Carbon Black, n.d.).
Nanotechnology in construction and demolition: What we know, what we don’t
Published in Construction Research and Innovation, 2018
Alistair Gibb, Wendy Jones, Chris Goodier, Phil Bust, Mo Song, Jie Jin
Graphene is another carbon-based nanomaterial; it exists as flat sheets or plates. There is relatively little published literature regarding its health effects. In principle it could be toxic as some forms are able to penetrate deep into the lungs; smaller plates are likely to present a lower risk as they are easier for the body to clear. Carbon black is a particulate nanomaterial which has been used for decades, for example in tyre manufacture. It is classed as a possible carcinogen based on animal studies, although there is no clear epidemiological evidence of this effect. There is some evidence from the literature that carbon black causes irreversible respiratory ill-health, and may be the causative agent behind smoking related ill-health.
Adsorptive removal of aromatic amine from aqueous solutions using carbon black as adsorbent
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Layza Rodrigues, Lucas Destefani Paquini, Ueslei Giori Favero, Ruan de Oliveira Alves, Iara Rebouças Pinheiro, Renato Ribeiro Passos, Luciano de Moura Guimarães, Luciene Paula Roberto Profeti, Demetrius Profeti
Carbon Black (CB) is an abundant and versatile material produced by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons that has numerous applications as pigment (Medalia and Richards 1972), reinforcing phase in automobile tires (Smith et al. 2016), radiation-absorbent material (Ibrahim et al. 2020), and catalyst support (Carmo et al. 2007). CB structure is formed by stacked polycyclic aromatic planes, similar to that of graphitic carbon (Kozak et al. 2009), and its physicochemical properties depend upon the nature of the raw material, the combustion method, and the ambient conditions of synthesis.