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Nanofiber Electrospun Membrane Based on Biodegradable Polymers for Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Application
Published in Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Nidal Hilal, Juhana Jaafar, Chris J. Wright, Nanofiber Membranes for Medical, Environmental, and Energy Applications, 2019
Lim Mim Mim, Naznin Sultana, Hasrinah Hasbullah, Madzlan Aziz
PCL and PCL/Ge membranes have nano-sized fiber diameters with a high porosity. This gives advantages in providing an optimum growth environment to cells by having a larger surface area to volume ratio and giving more spaces for nutrient and metabolic waste exchange. The main difference between PCL and PCL/Ge nanofiber membranes were the surface wettability and degradation rate. PCL nanofiber membranes had slow degradation rate with hydrophobic properties while PCL/Ge nanofiber membrane has faster degradation rate with hydrophilic properties. The observations in this section demonstrated that surface wettability is a crucial factor for cell attachment and proliferation. There was good cell to cell and cell to scaffold interaction on PCL/Ge nanofiber membrane. Hence, PCL/Ge nanofiber membrane has a greater potential to be used for skin tissue engineering application.
Nanotechnology-Based Biopharmaceutical Systems
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Rajashree Gude, Sarwar Beg, Harmanjot Kaur, Teenu Sharma, Bhupinder Singh, Umesh Banakar
The advantage of greater surface area-to-volume ratio of particles can be related to the physical, chemical, and pharmacological properties of the drug. Healthcare professionals worldwide have recognized significant compensation and opportunities offered by nanotechnology when applied to pharmaceutical systems. These can be summarized, as follows (Liversidge and Cundy, 1995; Setler, 1999): Improved bioavailability by enhancing drug solubilityRapid onset of therapeutic actionImproved dose proportionalityReduced fed/fasted state variabilityReduced intrasubject variabilityEnhanced absorption rateOthers
Basic concepts
Published in David Thorpe, Passive Solar Architecture Pocket Reference, 2018
Clearly, the two concepts – passive solar and passive house – overlap, but at their extremes, depending on the climate, can give rise to different building forms.The ideal form for a passive solar building in a temperate climate would be longer on the north–south-facing side than the east–west-facing sides, with double or triple-glazed windows on the sun-facing side and very small or no windows on the opposite side.The ideal form for a passive house design would be a cube. This is because it minimises the surface area to volume ratio, limiting heat loss.
The effects of topological configuration and geometric parameters on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of lattice-based heat sinks
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
Swapnil Narkhede, Anirban Sur, Ratnesh Tiwari
The ongoing miniaturization of high-performance devices demands a large amount of heat removal within a minimal volume. Highly efficient and compact heat sinks were critical to this heat dissipation. One of the ways to make efficient compact heat sinks is to increase the heat transfer surface area to volume ratio. Several ways to increase the surface area include cylinder banks, pin fins, wire-woven meshes, and metal foams [1]. Metal foam-based heat sinks (Figure 1a) have a much higher area density and can dissipate nearly four to five times more heat than conventional pin-fin architectures. However, due to the irregular nature of the foam structure, they suffer from a very high-pressure drop [2, 3]. This drawback can be addressed with similar but more regular surface topologies such as lattice structures.
Antibiofilm and cytotoxic potential of extracellular biosynthesized gold nanoparticles using actinobacteria Amycolatopsis sp. KMN
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Faezeh Kabiri, Seyyed Soheil Aghaei, Ahmad Ali Pourbabaee, Mohammad Soleimani, Tahereh Komeili Movahhed
Nanoparticles, unlike their bulk counterpart, have extremely various properties, owing to their increased surface area to volume ratio. These materials are broadly applied in multiple fields, such as medicine, agriculture, biochemistry, food industry, and environmental technology.[1] Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are superior to other metal nanoscale particles used for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, antimicrobial features,[2] cancer therapy,[3] drug delivery for the treatment of various cancers,[4] biosensors for modern biological research and clinical practice,[5] and DNA labeling in electrochemical detection systems.[6] The size, shape, and composition of AuNPs determine their characteristics, define their function, and demonstrate their diversified applications, ranging from antimicrobial properties and cancer therapy to electronic conductors.[7]
Microstructural parameters affecting the compressive response of closed-cell aluminum foams
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
Nammi et al. [39], for instance, used tetrakaidecahedral repeating unit-cell (RUC) modeling to investigate the effect of cell size. Three aggregates with the same density but different cell sizes (containing 8, 27 and 64 RUCs, respectively) were constructed. The compressive stress-strain curves of each foam model are shown in Figure 3. The peak stress of the small and medium cell-size aggregates was almost 10% higher than that of large cell-size aggregate; the difference between two smaller cells aggregates not being significant, which might indicate that there exists a threshold cell size below which peak stress values are hardly affected by cell size. The average plateau stress of the large cell-size aggregate was also lower in comparison with the other two (small and medium) aggregates. In addition, the densification region started at a larger strain for small cell-size aggregate. This higher strength of the smaller cell-size aggregates may be due, according to the authors, to the fact that the surface area-to-volume ratio decreases as cell size increases.