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Emerging Materials in Polymer Reinforcement
Published in Sefiu Adekunle Bello, Hybrid Polymeric Nanocomposites from Agricultural Waste, 2023
Sefiu Adekunle Bello, Luqman Babatunde Eleburuike, Lanre Ademola Adams, Damilola Bukola Kolawole, Maruf Yinka Kolawole, Emmanuel Kwesi Artur, Farasat Iqbal
Filler-reinforced polymers are composite materials having polymers as their matrix and filler as the reinforcement. Common filler examples include carbon particles, calcium carbonate, talc, asbestos, cellulosic silica, glass, and silicates. When fillers are added to a material system, the properties they possess include high abrasion resistance, improved rate of creep, increased strength, impact energy, and stiffness. The properties that are improved in a filler-reinforced polymer are highly dependent on the type of filler added to the composite material system. They are an important material in the production of automobile and aircraft parts, in construction of buildings and bridges, production of sporting goods, artificial bones, computer accessories, and high-impact shoe sole and vehicle tyres (Figure 1.1).
Chemical property and characteristics of polymer
Published in S. Thirumalai Kumaran, Tae Jo Ko, S. Suresh Kumar, Temel Varol, Materials for Lightweight Constructions, 2023
A. Sofi, Joshua Jeffrey, Abhimanyu Singh Rathor
The need for fillers to be added to polymers are: increase heat resistance while lowering costs, boost the stiffness, reduce creep, reduce shrinkage during molding or polymerization by lowering the exotherm of cure, alter electrical characteristics, reduce the risk of fire, change the specific gravity (density), and change flow. Fillers are also added to increase the compressive strength of the structural element, to improve abrasion resistance by increasing lubricity, reduce or increase permeability, strengthen tensile and flexural properties, increase impact strength, enhance the dimensional stability, improve thermal conductivity, improve processability, increase the moisture resistance, and improve degradability. To modify adhesion to itself or to other substrates, to change the color, opacity, and sheen of the object—these are the situations in which particulate fillers can be used to get the required results.
Thermal and Electrical Transport in Carbon Nanotubes Composites
Published in Shrikaant Kulkarni, Iuliana Stoica, A.K. Haghi, Carbon Nanotubes for a Green Environment, 2022
Highly conductive reinforcement’s agents have been largely studied because they have upgraded the performance of numerous materials in terms of thermal and electrical characteristics.1 Among them, carbon-based fillers, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black and fullerene, seem to be the key to achieve progress and revolutionize most of the nowadays modern technologies.2 The main benefit is that such fillers can be economically prepared into numerous shapes and dimensions from renewable resources, hence avoiding the damage of the natural environment, resulting from increasing pollution and greenhouse effect.3,4
Systematic assessment of wheat extenders in formaldehyde-condensation plywood resins: part II – mechanical properties of plywood panels
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2021
Elfriede M. Hogger, Hendrikus W. G. Van Herwijnen, Johann Moser, Wolfgang Kantner, Johannes Konnerth
Urea (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins are typical resins used for plywood production for interior and exterior use.[1] UF resins are widely available and inexpensive, but are sensitive to the effects of moisture and water and release formaldehyde upon hydrolysis.[1–2,3] PF resins are moisture- and weather-resistant, and due to their chemical stability in cured state, they have low to largely absent formaldehyde emissions, but are costlier than UF resins .[3] The use of extenders and fillers is a common strategy spread in plywood production[4] to overcome some of the disadvantages of adhesives used, either by changing their properties or by reducing their costs.[3] Extenders are non-volatile adhesive components that serve to reduce the adhesive basis material and have the property of retaining water in a colloidal bond, such as wheat flour.[5] In contrast, a filler is a relatively inert material that modifies the strength, durability, processing properties or other properties of the resin, [6] such as clay.
Feasibility study on the use of carbonized cassava cortex as reinforcement in polymer-matrix composites
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Augustine Dinobi Omah, Esther Chinelo Omah, Peter Ogbuna Offor, Chigbo Aghaegbusi Mgbemene, Mkpamdi Nelson Eke
Filler materials are solid additives or particles added to a matrix material to improve its properties, to modify the processing characteristics, and to reduce cost (Donald, 1994). Fillers produced from powders are considered as particulate composites. The benefits offered by such fillers include enhanced strength, weight reduction, and a favorable coefficient of thermal expansion, as well as, increased stiffness, abrasion resistance, stability, and thermal resistance. Among the parameters on which natural filler-reinforced composite’s mechanical properties depend, the filler–matrix interfacial bond strength affects it more than the others. Hence for composite materials to attain high mechanical properties, a strong filler–matrix interfacial bond is critical (Anon, 2018a; Dányádi, 2009).
Facile synthesis of biodegradable corn starch-based plastic composite film reinforced with zinc oxide nanoparticles for packaging applications
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Muhammad Imran Din, Nida Siddique, Zaib Hussain, Rida Khalid
Recently, natural bionanocomposites are in demand for the improvement of ecofriendly packaging materials owing to excellent biocompatibility, higher sustainability, more biodegradability, and high edibility, etc.[14] In addition, protein-, lipid-, and polysaccharides-based material are mostly selected as natural polymer matrices. Among all biopolymer matrices, polysaccharides have gained more importance because of their excellent film forming properties and good mechanical strength. These biopolymers also possess some drawbacks of reduced barrier properties and are expensive as compared to commodity plastic films.[15,16] Hence, to overcome this drawback, hybridization of biopolymer matrices with NPs were carried out via ex situ or in situ approach. In the in situ approach, NPs are synthesized inside the polymer matrix whereas in ex situ process engineered nanofillers were directly dispersed inside the polymer matrix, respectively. Mostly the fillers used are biopolymers, metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, and natural fibers. Incorporation of fibers into polymer matrix enhances flexural strength of plastics. However, due to their stiff structure, fibers degrade at a lesser rate and hence degradation rate of biodegradable plastic reduces with an increase in fiber content.[17] NPs have been used as promising reinforcements to improve thermal, barrier, and mechanical properties of biodegradable plastics. Many studies have reported the use of NPs as filler for biodegradable plastic synthesis.[18]