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Measuring stiffness of soils in situ
Published in Fusao Oka, Akira Murakami, Ryosuke Uzuoka, Sayuri Kimoto, Computer Methods and Recent Advances in Geomechanics, 2014
Fusao Oka, Akira Murakami, Ryosuke Uzuoka, Sayuri Kimoto
Dyes are valuable tracers to study the behavior of water and solutes in soils and aquifers and have been used in both laboratory and field studies (Flury and Wai 2003). The most often applied dye is Brilliant Blue FCF (color index (C.I.) 42090), which has the nature of mobile, visible and nontoxic (Flury and Flühler 1995). The concentration of 4.0×10-4g/cm3 of dye was employed as dye tracer in order to differentiate the tracer evolution visually from the ambient pore water and soil materials. Two types of soil materials were used to create a heterogeneous porous formation. According to the difference of the mean particle Table 1. Physical properties of soil materials. MaterialsABMean particle size (cm)0.0810.011Uniformity coefficient (-)1.651.25Hydraulic conductivity (cm/s)0.7510.0334Porosity (-)0.420.42
Enhanced brilliant blue FCF adsorption using microwave-hydrothermal synthesized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Yan Wang, Yiming Li, Yong Zhang, Wei Wei
Brilliant blue FCF (BBF) is an important colorant in the textile and leather industries, and can be also used as a common food additive to color confectionary and dairy products due to its low toxicity.[1] However, the toxic effects of BBF towards human and animals have been recognized.[2] The acute LC50 values of BBF were reported to range from larger than 100 mg/L to larger than 3000 mg/L for fish and amphibians.[3] In addition, availability of three sulfonic acid groups in the BBF molecule makes it highly ionic and easily soluble in aqueous medium (BBF has a high water solubility of 200 g/L (at 2–60 °C) and a low octanol-water partition coefficient of Kow < 10−4), together with the dominantly anionic properties render the BBF dye tremendous mobility in soil and ground water.[4] The facile transport of BBF in soil and ground water may further lead to potential ecological risks. In China, each year there is about 1.6 × 109 m3 of dye-containing wastewater.[5] The concentration of dyes such as BBF in dye-containing wastewater can reach 300 mg/L.[6] Therefore, the BBF-containing industrial effluents must be treated prior to their discharge into water resources.
Fixed bed mycofilter column optimization and performance evaluation through the removal of a food coloring agent from an aqueous solution
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2023
Sanele M. Mnkandla, Patricks Voua Otomo
The food coloring solution was prepared by diluting the commercially available Moir’s sky blue food color [containing: brilliant blue FCF (E133), brillantcarmoisin O (E122), acidity regulator (E330), extra neutral ethanol, preservatives (E218), sodium benzoate (E211)] with distilled water, at pH = 7.5, or adjusted to pH = 2 using 0.1 M HCl. To determine the blue dye concentration, a standard curve was prepared from serial dilutions. Absorbances were measured at 629 nm using a Jenway 7300 spectrophotometer. The concentration was calculated using Beer’s law: where A = absorbance; ε = molar absorptivity; b = path length of light and c = concentration.