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Heavy Metals, Hydrocarbons, Radioactive Materials, Xenobiotics, Pesticides, Hazardous Chemicals, Explosives, Pharmaceutical Waste and Dyes Bioremediation
Published in Vivek Kumar, Rhizomicrobiome Dynamics in Bioremediation, 2021
Elżbieta Wołejko, Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć, Andrzej Butarewicz, Urszula Wydro
In the group of drugs that lower blood lipids, two subgroups can be distinguished with different mechanisms of action: statins and fibrates. Statins are the most commonly consumed drugs, but they rarely occur as environmental contaminants because they are mainly excreted as metabolites. Fibrates and their derivatives are drugs that inhibit the production of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and reduce plasma triglyceride levels and are also among the most commonly detected drugs in European waters (Gracia-Lor et al. 2012). Literature data from a few years ago reported that gemfibrozil is not biodegradable (Stumpf et al. 1999) However, it turned out that the fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245 has the ability to break down the above-mentioned drug as a result of the hydroxylation process (Kang et al. 2009).
Risk Characterization
Published in Ted W. Simon, Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
Jennifer began by searching PubMed, the database of scientific publications from the National Library of Medicine (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). She found a paper reporting TCDD serum levels from 69 Vietnamese adults aged 20–40 years living in Da Nang, and she used this sample to represent women of child-bearing age. The distribution was well fit by a lognormal distribution with a geometric mean of 3.2 pg/g lipid and a geometric standard deviation of 3.13. The maximum value was 120 pg/g lipid.114 The units of pg/g lipid were confusing at first, but Jennifer continued reading, and learned that because of the lipophilic nature of dioxin-like chemicals, they are associated with blood lipids, and serum results are expressed as per weight of total blood lipids.115
Thin-Layer Chromatography in the Study of Entomology
Published in Bernard Fried, Joseph Sherma, Practical Thin-Layer Chromatography, 2017
Spates et al.61 examined the process by which complex blood lipids are metabolized in the midgut of the adult stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), an obligate blood feeder. TLC analysis of the products of the enzymatic degradation of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine by midgut homogenates indicated that ceramide was one of the major products of sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and that 1,2-and 1,3-diacylglycerols were major products of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. Miller et al.62 examined the effects of dietary ethanol on phospholipase activity in Drosophila larvae. In vitro and in vivo studies were used to examine the hydrolysis of radiolabeled substrates, and TLC was used to fractionate the reaction products. The isolated components were scraped from the TLC plates and analyzed for radioactivity by scintillation counting. Dietary alcohols were found to reduce phosphatidylcholine levels in the insect, partly through an apparent stimulation of a phosphatidylcholine specific phospholipase.
Acute differences in blood lipids and inflammatory biomarkers following controlled exposures to cookstove air pollution in the STOVES study
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Ethan S. Walker, Kristen M. Fedak, Nicholas Good, John Balmes, Robert D. Brook, Maggie L. Clark, Tom Cole-Hunter, Robert B. Devlin, Christian L’Orange, Gary Luckasen, John Mehaffy, Rhiannon Shelton, Ander Wilson, John Volckens, Jennifer L. Peel
Studying the impact of household air pollution on cardiovascular-related biomarkers will enhance our understanding of how these exposures influence the progression of cardiovascular disease. Blood lipids and inflammatory biomarkers are closely related determinants of vascular function and injury that can lead to advanced cardiovascular disease and mortality (Gonzalez and Selwyn 2003; Bai and Sun 2016). Atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular disease, is an inflammatory process that begins with endothelial dysfunction and accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the extracellular matrix of the intima (Bai and Sun 2016). LDL can be oxidized and stimulate the release of adhesion molecules, which facilitate the uptake of leukocytes to the site of vascular injury (Bai and Sun 2016). Macrophages then take up the oxidized LDL, leading to foam cell formation and subsequent fibrous plaques (Bai and Sun 2016). Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins contribute to this process by accumulating in the plasma and initiating a pro-atherogenic inflammatory cascade (Talayero and Sacks 2011). In contrast, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is strongly protective against atherosclerosis by binding to and removing excess cholesterol from cells and extracellular tissues (Bai and Sun 2016).
Effects of a long-term smartphone-based self-monitoring intervention in patients with lipid metabolism disorders
Published in Assistive Technology, 2020
Anika Steinert, Cornelia Eicher, Marten Haesner, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
In the presented study, a smartphone app was evaluated, which supports the user’s health management by collecting their health-related data and keep track of it. People with lipid metabolism disorders were chosen for this study. Lipid metabolism disorder is characterized by elevated levels of lipoproteins and causes altered (usually raised) levels of blood lipids, i.e. cholesterol, triglycerides, or phospholipids (Lipid Metabolism Disorders, 2012). Two main reasons led to the decision to include this patient group. First of all, a high percentage of people suffer from this disorder. A total of 39% of the adult population worldwide were affected by raised total cholesterol levels in 2008 (World Health Organisation, 2017), increasing therapy adherence is a priority. Especially in high-income countries, with a significantly higher prevalence compared to low-income countries (World Health Organization, 2014). In Germany, for instance, a longitudinal study identified high cholesterol levels in about 65% of the 18–79 years old (Scheidt-Nave et al., 2013), and about 20% suffered from a lipid metabolism disorder in 2009 (Lange, Lampert, & Robert-Koch-Institut, 2011), men and women showing only slight differences in prevalence rates.