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Bioremediation of Potentially Toxic Metals by Microorganisms and Biomolecules
Published in Ram Naresh Bharagava, Sandhya Mishra, Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh Saratale, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira, Bioremediation, 2022
Luciana Maria Saran, Bárbara Bonfá Buzzo, Cinara Ramos Sales, Lucia Maria Carareto Alves, Renan Lieto Alves Ribeiro
Bioaccumulation (Figure 6.7a) is an active process in which molecules are absorbed by the cell, and only living biomass can perform this process. Biomineralization is a general term for the processes by which living organisms form minerals, and this can result in metal removal from a given solution, thus providing a means of detoxification and biorecovery (Figure 6.7b). The most common biominerals precipitated by microbes include oxides, phosphates, sulphides and oxalates, and these can exhibit special chemical properties such as high metal sorption capacities and redox catalysis (Gadd and Pan 2016).
Subsurface Processes
Published in Stephen M. Testa, Geological Aspects of Hazardous Waste Management, 2020
Biomineralization refers to the precipitation of minerals by organisms, either as internal hard parts or as external structures. Mostly, biomineralization occurs in larger organisms in the form of shells, reefs, skeletal systems, etc. and many of these structures can sequester high levels of contaminant species, especially metal species. However, macroscopic organisms generally do not occur in the subsurface below the active biological horizons. Some bacteria do form internal mineral parts, such as the marine magnetotactic bacteria that precipitate the magnetic mineral magnetite to align themselves along the earth’s magnetic field as a way of orienting themselves during movement.
Controlling the Size and Shape of Uniform Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Published in Nguyễn T. K. Thanh, Clinical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles, 2018
Helena Gavilán, Maria Eugênia Fortes Brollo, Lucía Gutiérrez, Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer, María del Puerto Morales
Biomineralization in a broad sense is all processes that biological systems employ to build the organic–inorganic hybrid materials present in all living systems, with functions ranging from navigation, mechanical support, photonics, to the protection of the soft parts of the body.72,73 Often, these biominerals have complex shapes and textures, exceptional structural hierarchy and, in general, are characterized by the highest observed level of control over composition, structure, size and morphology of the constituent mineral components. Examples of iron-based biominerals are the radula teeth of chitons mollusks that contain crystalline iron oxides, such as magnetite (Fe3O4) and lepidocrocite (γ-FeO(OH)), and the intracellular chains of magnetite NPs synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria.74
The influence of particle morphology on microbially induced CaCO3 clogging in granular media
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2021
Chenpeng Song, Derek Elsworth, Sheng Zhi, Chaoyi Wang
Biomineralization is caused by cell-mediated phenomena and is the process by which living organisms produce minerals in nature (Hu, Liu, and Ma 2011; Weiner 2005). Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a common form of biomineralization. The main groups of microorganisms that can induce carbonate precipitation include cyanobacteria and microalgae, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and some species of microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle(Ariyanti, Abyor, and Hadi 2011). Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC 11859) is a nitrogen-circulating gram-positive bacterium that is most commonly employed for MICP (Song and Elsworth 2018; van Paassen 2009). Sporosarcina pasteurii can continually produce highly active urease in its metabolic process. This enzyme is able to catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into ammonium and carbonate. When this hydrolysis occurs in a calcium-rich environment, the carbonate generated from the hydrolysis will form calcium carbonate precipitate, which then envelops the bacterium(DeJong, Fritzges, and Nüsslein 2006; Rebata-Landa 2007). Thus, the bacteria also act as nucleation sites for the calcium carbonate.
Mechanical and durability performance of sustainable bacteria blended fly ash concrete: an experimental study
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2020
Santosh A. Kadapure, Girish Kulkarni, K.B Prakash, Poonam S. Kadapure
Various researchers have discussed biomineralisation tool as a valuable technique that can be implemented in concrete to develop by inducing dormant but viable spores of alkali-resistant urease producing bacteria that convert organic compounds to inorganic mineral precipitates, i.e. calcite. To achieve sustainability in concrete, a biomineralisation mechanism is being adapted in concrete. Biomineralisation is a widespread complex phenomenon where certain organisms form minerals by various biochemical reactions (Ghosh and Mandal 2006). Researchers are focussing attention on the production of sustainable concrete. Biological technique when introduced in fresh concrete results in formation calcite in voids and consequently improves overall properties of concrete (Siddique et al. 2017).
Understanding the growth of the bio-struvite production Brevibacterium antiquum in sludge liquors
Published in Environmental Technology, 2018
Francisco Simoes, Peter Vale, Tom Stephenson, Ana Soares
Biological struvite (bio-struvite) production through biomineralization has been suggested as an alternative to chemically derived struvite production, currently getting significant interest from the scientific community around the world [4–7]. Biomineralization is a common process occurring in the natural environment in which living organisms are able to form minerals (e.g. calcium carbonate; magnetite, struvite; magnesium phosphate; calcium phosphate) [8]. Phosphorus recovery from wastewater and sludge liquors using biomineralizing bacteria is possible, but the process is still poorly understood and it has not yet been optimized [6]. Nevertheless, some promising results have shown that bio-struvite productivity by Brevibacterium antiquum can reach 200 mg in 1 L of sludge dewatering liquors with an initial concentration of 44.5 ± 2 mg PO4-P/L [9]. Brevibacterium antiquum was isolated by Gavrish et al. [10] from a permafrost sample and was characterized as aerobic heterotroph able to grow at temperatures as low as 7°C (but not at 37°C), in high salinity environments (up to 18% NaCl) and to be able hydrolyse urea and gelatin. Furthermore, B. antiquum was not able to use starch as a carbon source and was not able to reduce nitrate or produce H2S [10]. Following the study of Gavrish et al. [10], there is still a need to understand and characterize the growth requirements of B. antiquum in complex and substrate-limited media such as sludge dewatering liquors. This information is crucial to develop a process with conditions where the growth of B. antiquum can be favoured in relation to indigenous organisms in sludge dewatering liquors, thus enabling the production of bio-struvite in open mixed-culture reactors. The use of pure culture systems is perceived as unpractical and too costly to be implemented in WWTPs.