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Biomaterial Surface Properties
Published in Nihal Engin Vrana, Biomaterials and Immune Response, 2018
Tuğba Endoğan Tanır, Güneş Esendağlı, Eda Ayşe Aksoy
Biomaterials are mostly originated from natural or synthetic materials and their design is influenced in order to meet the needs of clinical applications with the development of new manufacturing and processing technologies. In a recent Consensus Conference of the ESB (European Society for Biomaterials), a biomaterial was defined as “a material intended to interface with biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment or replace any tissue, organ or function of the body” [1]. Biomaterials can be ranged from bioinert materials to regenerative materials that can interact in vivo to influence the biological processes towards tissue regeneration. In the current biomaterial definition, the term “interface” emphasises the biointerface between a biomaterial and cell, tissue or any living material. Schematic representation of biointerface is shown in Figure 6.1. The interactions between cells, tissues and biomaterial at the tissue-implant interface are almost always related with surface phenomena. These biointerface reactions directly or indirectly determine the fate of biomaterial and affect healing process.
Nanostructured Biointerfaces
Published in Šeila Selimovic, Nanopatterning and Nanoscale Devices for Biological Applications, 2017
Jean Paul Allain, Monica Echeverry-Rendón, Juan Jose Pavón, Sandra L. Arias
The structural diversity of material surfaces in contact with biological organisms such as cells, tissue, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) can dictate the proliferation, differentiation, and overall behavior of cell function. The ability to control the surface chemistry, topology, and elastomechanical strength of a biointerface can have important implications for the multifunctionality of modern biomaterials. In this chapter, we present a generalized summary of nanostructured biointerfaces and their synthesis. We focus primarily on the properties of nanostructured biointerfaces and the process–structure–property (PSP) relationship strategies to design them. The chapter summarizes key biofunctional properties that dictate both their function and behavior. To conclude the chapter, three emergent biotechnological applications are summarized with respect to the design of nanostructured biointerfaces.
Controlled biointerfaces with biomimetic phosphorus-containing polymers
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2021
Suphatra Hiranphinyophat, Yasuhiko Iwasaki
A biointerface is the interface between materials and living organisms or biological substances. Most reactions in biology are triggered at the interface when materials are in contact with biological environments. Therefore, controlling biointerfacial phenomena is important for the design of biomaterials. However, most materials used in medical and diagnostic applications are not selected with a consideration of the events occurring at the biointerface. Therefore, unfavorable host reactions with the biomaterials often occur, limiting the application of medical and diagnostic devices. One of the most typical biointerfacial events is biofouling. Protein adsorption is the first phenomenon when artificial materials come in contact with biological environments [1]. The interactions recognized as occurring in protein adsorption are mostly noncovalent such as, H-bonding, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions [2]. Therefore, the adsorption mode of proteins on a material surface is very complex phenomenon and affected by chemical and physical properties of the material surface. The adsorbed proteins subsequently trigger several host responses at the cellular level, such as thrombus formation, capsulation, inflammation, and infection [3]. They also affect the physical and biochemical functions of medical and diagnostic devices. To improve the reliability of such devices, bioinertness, which can reduce nonspecific biofouling, is strongly required for the surfaces. In addition, biofunctional activity, which induces a specific biological reaction, sometimes becomes necessary, particularly in tissue engineering and bioadhesive applications. In other words, an appropriate surface function in a specific application is needed for materials.