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3D Nanoprinting in the Biomedical Industries
Published in Ajit Behera, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Smart 3D Nanoprinting, 2023
Vaibhavi Srivastava, Mayank Handa, Rahul Shukla
Peptide delivery: Peptides are the building blocks of proteins having a significant role in bio-organisms. Recently, peptides owned noticeable utilisation in drug delivery and nanomedicine because they offer a great chemical diversity and can be obtained from various unicellular and multicellular organisms. However, using peptides as a drug is associated with several challenges.
Hydrogels
Published in Antonio Paesano, Handbook of Sustainable Polymers for Additive Manufacturing, 2022
Peptides are molecules consisting of 2 to 50 amino acids linked in a chain, with the carboxyl group of each acid being joined to the amino group of the next acid by a bond of the type ‒OC‒NH‒. When peptides are made up of more than about 50 (the value is arbitrary) amino acids are called proteins. Peptides are present in animal, bacteria, plants, and animal organs: brain, cardiovascular system, kidneys, etc. Their general chemical structure is pictured in Figure 12.10.
Current Perspective of Biofunctionalized Nanomaterials in Biology and Medicine
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Alternative targeting molecules such as peptides are extensively used as compared to the conventional antibodies due to their moderate sizes, large surface to volume ratio, low immune response (immunogenicity), high affinity, stability, and they can be easily synthesized. Peptides are identified as targeting ligands by using peptide phage libraries (~1011 different peptide sequences), bacterial peptide display library, plasmid peptide library, and several other chemical synthetic peptide library technologies. Peptides serve as a more effective source for targeted drug delivery. For instance, a cyclic peptide called cilengitide which binds to integrins is now in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. The only drawback associated with peptides is their vulnerability to proteolysis.
Folate receptor-specific cell-cell adhesion by using a folate-modified peptide-based anchor
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Hiroko Nagai, Wataru Hatanaka, Masayoshi Matsuda, Akihiro Kishimura, Yoshiki Katayama, Takeshi Mori
Here we designed a peptide anchor with a folate through oligoethylene glycol (OEG) spacer (Figure 1). This molecule can be synthesized by straightforward solid phase peptide synthesis. The peptide sequence shown in blue, Lys-Lys(pal)-Lys-Lys-Lys(pal), is the membrane anchoring motif, which was found to be the best sequence in duration time of presentation in our previous report [7]. One of receptors for folate, folate receptor α (FRα), is highly expressed on some kinds of cancer cells [8]. Binding affinity of folate to FRα is relatively high; dissociation constants (Kd) = 0.1 nM [9]. The peptide anchor was labelled with nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) on ε-amine group of L-Lys residue. We utilized the peptide anchor for cell-cell adhesion via ligand-receptor specific interaction.
New approaches towards the discovery and evaluation of bioactive peptides from natural resources
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Nam Joo Kang, Hyeon-Su Jin, Sung-Eun Lee, Hyun Jung Kim, Hong Koh, Dong-Woo Lee
Traditionally, peptide synthesis has been segmented into solid-phase synthesis, liquid-phase synthesis, and hybrid synthesis. These approaches have a number of advantages, such as ease of operation, easy purification, short production cycles, high-level automation, and the ability to synthesize long peptides using small quantities of amino acids (Fields, 2002). We will not discuss chemical synthesis approaches in detail here due to the availability of several excellent reviews on this topic (Bray, 2003; Palomo, 2014). Among biological alternatives of peptide synthesis, microbial fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis are the most efficient in terms of increasing oral bioavailability, decreasing adverse effects, ensuring drug safety and efficacy, imparting protease resistance, and developing formulations (Pandey, Naik, & Vakil, 2015). Nevertheless, their components or the biological process for natural BP production has several concerns about immunogenicity or biological impurities including viruses (Cantani & Micera, 2000, 2001). Biological routes to the production of BPs derived from natural resources, referred to as natural BPs, are in great demand; these compounds will be used to combat diseases with major impacts on the functions or health of organisms, especially humans and animals. In general, these peptides are inactive within the sequence of the parent protein molecule (referred to as the propeptide) and can be liberated by gastrointestinal in vivo digestion of proteins, bacterial fermentation of natural resources, or hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes. Several systematic approaches to standardizing the cultivation of microorganisms on food-derived plant and animal sources will increasingly require the application of modern techniques in genomics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and analytical and information sciences.
Human serum albumin binding studies of a new platinum(IV) complex containing the drug pregabalin: experimental and computational methods
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Nahid Shahabadi, Sara Amiri, Avat (Arman) Taherpour
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a perfect method that plays an important role in the characterization and examination of proteins, polypeptides and peptide structures especially for secondary structure. The CD spectra of HSA showed two negative bands at 208 and 222 nm, which are characteristic features which correspond to the n→π* and π→π* transitions of peptides in α-helical protein structure [38]. To investigate the effect of complex on HSA secondary structure, CD measurement was carried out.