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Impact of Enzymes Based Treatment Methods on Biodegradation of Solid Wastes for Sustainable Environment
Published in Gunjan Mukherjee, Sunny Dhiman, Waste Management, 2023
The VP (EC 1.11.1.16) is a hybrid enzyme and shares the characteristic features of both LiP and MnP (Perez-Boada et al. 2005). It can oxidize both VA and Mn(II) (Garcia-Ruiz et al. 2014). It acts on both phenolic and non-phenolic portions of lignin (Ruiz-Duenas et al. 2007). The VP catalyzed reactions were reported in genera Bjerkandera (Heinfling et al. 1998, Rodakiewicz-Nowak et al. 2006) and Pleurotus (Ruiz-Duenas et al. 1999, 2001). The molecular mass of VP is in between 40 to 45 KDa. The catalytic mechanism is the combination of the other mentioned peroxidases (Sigoillot et al. 2012). It has broad substrate specificity, and is thus desirable in biotechnological applications for degradation of many recalcitrant compounds including lignin and azo dyes (Garcia-Ruiz et al. 2014).
Regulatory Mechanism of Axonemal Dynein
Published in Keiko Hirose, Handbook of Dynein, 2019
The outer-arm dynein from sperm flagella contains several intermediate chains (Fig. 14.3). Two of them are WD-repeat intermediate chains with sequence similarities to Chlamydomonas IC78 and IC69 [110]. For example, sea urchin IC3 and IC2, Ciona IC1 and IC2, are orthologs of Chlamydomonas IC78 and IC69, respectively. Like those in Chlamydomonas flagella, WD-repeat ICs of outer-arm dynein from sperm flagella play a key role in assembly and binding of dynein on the A-tubule [41, 110]. Outer-arm dynein from sperm flagella also contains a unique intermediate chain with thioredoxin and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (TNDK) motifs [111, 114]. The molecular mass of this dynein subunit varies among species: 128 kDa for sea urchin IC1, 75 kDa for Ciona IC3 and 67 kDa for human NM23-H8 protein [114].
Triticum Aestivum L.): Effects on the Distribution of Protein Sub-Fractions, Amino Acids, and Starch Characteristics
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Susmitha S. Nambuthiri, Richard Koech, Technological Interventions in Management of Irrigated Agriculture, 2018
Divya Jain, Bavita Asthir, Deepak Kumar Verma
Alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase (AIP) is another enzyme in the cell to provide control mechanism of starch synthesis whereby reactions producing pyrophosphatases as a product are involved in many biosynthetic reactions.163 AIP enzyme is involved in many essential biosynthetic reactions producing inorganic pyrophosphatases. This enzyme is mainly distributed between mitochondria and glyoxymes. It is a monomer with a molecular mass of 55 kDa. It has a potential role in utilization of phosphomonoesters as the source of Pi (inorganic phosphate) required for maintenance of cellular metabolism.125 AIP also catalyzes pyrophosphate hydrolysis, synthesis, and enriches the phosphate pool in plants by hydrolyzing inorganic pyrophosphate (IPP) to two molecules of Pi.21,33 IPP is a byproduct of number of biosynthetic reactions and is essential for the regulation of many biochemical reactions in plant cells. AIP enzymes have extremely high affinity for pyrophosphate, which is associated with the anabolic process in the leaf. With plant development, AIP followed similar trend as shown by GOT and GPT activity. Both N levels and genotypes showed significant variation in AIP activity and their interaction was significant during both stages.
A comparative study of the bispecific monoclonal antibody, blinatumomab expression in CHO cells and E. coli
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Fatemeh Naddafi, Farshad H. Shirazi, Yeganeh Talebkhan, Maryam Tabarzad, Farzaneh Barkhordari, Zahra Aliabadi Farahani, Elham Bayat, Reza Moazzami, Fereidoun Mahboudi, Fatemeh Davami
Following induction and transfection, purification of expressed BsAb from the supernatant of transfected CHO cells yielded 2 mg/L and from the supernatant of BL21 strain yielded 100 mg/L. The BsAb was eluted from the Ni-NTA column. Purified protein was compared on an SDS-polyacrylamide gel (Figure 5). The protein was reactive to an anti-polyHistidine antibody conjugated to HRP as evidenced by Western blot analysis (Figures 6 and 7). It has been observed that the molecular weight of the purified protein was 55 kDa. The densitometry was performed to calculate the percentage of the total density for each band. According to the densitometry analysis, the purified BiTE antibody, blinatumomab represented approximately 19.3% of the total cell protein in BL21 (DE3) strain. While in CHO-S cell line with pcDNA3.1 (+) vector, it represented approximately 7.1% and with FC550A-1 represented 7.3%. Moreover, in CHO-DG44 cell line with pcDNA3.1 (+) vector, it represented approximately 6.7% and with FC550A-1 represented 6.9% (Table 1).
Microbial lipase: a new approach for a heterogeneous biocatalyst
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Mariana Vendrasco Tacin, Tales A. Costa-Silva, Ariela Veloso de Paula, Jose M. Palomo, Valéria de Carvalho Santos-Ebinuma
Figure 6 shows the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis image, made with 1) molecular weight standard (kDa); 2) lyophilized fermented medium resuspended in 5 mM acetate buffer pH 5; 3) lyophilized fermented medium resuspended in 5 mM acetate buffer pH 5 after extraction with n-hexane; 4) octyl-sepharose cascade immobilized enzyme employing 4 cycles; and 5–8) supernatants from each of the 4 cycles of immobilization.