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Production of Biomass-Based Butanol
Published in Jitendra Kumar Saini, Surender Singh, Lata Nain, Sustainable Microbial Technologies for Valorization of Agro-Industrial Wastes, 2023
Biobutanol has a great potential as an alternative future fuel based on its better fuel properties and less-toxic gas emissions. The global availability and abundance of second- and third-generation butanol feedstocks overcome the limitations of first-generation butanol production. But low butanol yield and butanol inhibition feedback reduce the performance efficiency of ABE fermentation from lignocellulosics. The strains with high-tolerance mechanisms, combined with upstream and downstream processes, are useful for improvement in butanol yield. R&D efforts and strategies to reduce feedstock cost with sustainable and efficient substrates, microbial strains, and improved fermentation and recovery techniques may definitely overcome the hindrance in commercialization by increasing butanol yield in ABE fermentation.
Introduction
Published in Anand Bharti, Debashis Kundu, Dharamashi Rabari, Tamal Banerjee, Phase Equilibria in Ionic Liquid Facilitated Liquid–Liquid Extractions, 2017
Anand Bharti, Debashis Kundu, Dharamashi Rabari, Tamal Banerjee
Extraction and recovery of valuable chemicals and products are the prime concern of any chemical industry. One such promising extraction process is biofuels such as ethanol, propanol and butanol from fermentation broth. Biobutanol is typically produced via the acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation process using renewable feedstock. Butanol has been identified as a superior biofuel with excellent fuel properties. Compared to ethanol and other fermentation-derived fuels, butanol offers several advantages as a biofuel such as higher energy content, lower volatility, lower hygroscopy and better miscibility with gasoline. Apart from its use as a biofuel, butanol also makes a suitable platform chemical for further processing to advanced biofuels such as butyl levulinate. Ethanol and easily mixed with gasoline in any proportion. Butanol can be obtained from a petrochemical route as well as biochemical route. The butanol produced by fermentation is very dilute. Different ILs have been considered as solvents based on density and hydrophobicity. Various hydrophobic ILs (Garcia-Chavez et al., 2012; Simoni et al., 2010) have shown better selectivity for butanol separation from aqueous solution and are more economical when compared to hydrophilic ILs for extraction of water. The composition analysis can be carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Anantharaj & Banerjee, 2011; Potdar, Anantharaj, & Banerjee, 2012; Shah et al., 2013).
Next Generation of Agro-Industrial Lignocellulosic Residues to Eco-Friendly Biobutanol
Published in Maniruzzaman A. Aziz, Khairul Anuar Kassim, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar, Aminaton Marto, Syed Anuar Faua’ad Syed Muhammad, Fossil Free Fuels, 2019
Nurhamieza Md. Huzir, Maniruzzaman A. Aziz, Shahrul Ismail, Bawadi Abdullah, Nik Azmi Nik Mahmood, Noor Azrimi Umor, Syed Anuar Faua’ad Syed Muhammad
Biofuels that are produced from biomass can be categorized into primary (solid fuels) and secondary biofuels (liquid or gaseous fuels). Any types of solid materials that produce energy through combustion are referred to as solid fuels, such as coal, charcoal, wood and pellets, while secondary biofuels are commonly used for transportation, which can be classified into four generations as listed in Table 1.1. Typically, biofuels that can be produced from biomass are bioethanol, biobutanol, biomethanol, biodiesel, syngas (hydrogen, carbon monoxide and some carbon dioxide) and biomethane. Among the renewable fuels, biobutanol is regarded among the future green biofuels due to its superior properties which do not require any modification to be used in engines. Biobutanol, sometimes referred to as n-butanol, is a product of the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process, where the sugar is converted using the genus Clostridium into butanol, acetone and ethanol in a ratio of 6:3:1, respectively. This four-carbon alcohol is capable of replacing gasoline and can be used as fuel in vehicles without altering their internal combustion (CI) engines. It is superior to ethanol since it has greater intersolubility with gasoline and diesel compared to ethanol [8,9]. Other than that, several studies have also proved that biobutanol produces a cleaner burn than bioethanol since it has a lower oxygen content, and, when it is used in internal combustion engines, it produces less carbon monoxide, low nitrogen oxide (Nox) and near-zero smoke emissions, which make it an eco-friendly biofuel [10,11]. Other physico-chemical properties of liquid fuels are listed in Table 1.2.
Understanding the dehydration of acetone, 1-butanol, and ethanol fermentation-based biofuel
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Cheap cellulose and other agricultural products can be used as raw materials for the manufacturing of biobutanol (Tian et al. 2019). The combustion products of biobutanol are simple, namely water and carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide will directly participate in the nature of the carbon cycle. Thus, it is an environmentally friendly fuel through carbon fixation in food crops and finally back to the raw material of biotin, forming a virtuous cycle. Therefore, fuel butanol can reduce the greenhouse effect at the source (May et al. 2008). Biobutanol is the favored renewable and clean energy substitute for fossil fuels. It is estimated that only 2% of the global transportation fuel is biofuel. Still, with the development of biobutanol fuel, the ratio of the main market in the future transportation fuel may increase.
Energy and environmental performance of a near-zero-effluent rice straw to butanol production plant
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2021
Sambit Dutta, Shiladitya Ghosh, Dinabandhu Manna, Ranjana Chowdhury
The electricity generation from this biorefinery can offset conventional energy generation by consuming fossil fuels. Biobutanol can replace gasoline, which can result in the preservation of fossil fuel thus leading to environmental savings. As described in section 3.2, 1L of biobutanol has the capability to replace 0.662L (or 66.2 vol%) of gasoline. As determined in section 3.2, electricity generated in the biorefinery can reduce CO2 emission to the extent of 36.14 kg by avoiding the use of grid energy generated in a coal-based power plant. High value of CO2 avoidance clearly indicates a positive environmental impact. This is possible because of the utilisation of energy generated in the in-house CHP, principally based on the lignin residues, causing reduction in the consumption of grid power generated in coal-based power plants in India.
Selective adsorption of water from aqueous butanol solution using canola-meal-based biosorbents
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2018
Ravi Dhabhai, Catherine H. Niu, Ajay K. Dalai
Biofuels are regarded as a relevant alternative for energy production and to complement conventional fossil fuels. There are several advantages with biofuels which include energy security, cleaner environment, less reliance on foreign currency, and positive socio-economic impact. As, biobutanol is generated from renewable resources, it could be considered a promising energy alternative (Prakash et al., 2016). Biobutanol produced by acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation is typically obtained in low yield (2–8% v/v) and needs to be further purified (Xue et al., 2014). Butanol yield depends on the bacterial strain used, type and purity of substrates, and fermentation conditions (Green, 2011; Ezeji et al., 2004).