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Validation of Chlorine Dioxide Sterilization
Published in James Agalloco, Phil DeSantis, Anthony Grilli, Anthony Pavell, Handbook of Validation in Pharmaceutical Processes, 2021
Mark A. Czarneski, Paul Lorchiem
Phenolic compounds are easily oxidized by chlorine dioxide56, and it has been used to reduce the toxicity of chlorinated phenolic compounds.57 Chlorine dioxide has also been shown to denature proteins58,59 and has shown good results in inactivating beta-lactams from pharmaceutical production facilities.60,61 This ability is significant because buildings that produce beta lactams cannot be used to produce other non-beta lactam products. The residues from beta lactams remain in a facility for long periods and can cause allergic reactions. Anaphylactic reactions to penicillin can be fatal. Beta lactam allergic reactions are the most common cause of adverse drug reactions mediated by specific immunological mechanisms.62 The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that 3%–10% of adults in the United States have had an allergic reaction to penicillin.63 In other studies, chlorine dioxide has shown promising results in endotoxin reduction on various surfaces (304 and 316 stainless steel and titanium [anodized and un-anodized]).64
Production of Antibiotics and Anti-Tumor Agents
Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017
Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke
The Beta-lactam antibiotics inhibit the formation of the structure-conferring peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall. As this component is absent in mammalian cells, Beta-lactam antibiotics have very low toxicity towards mammals.
Biodegradation of biodiesel-oil by Cellulosimicrobium sp. Isolated from Colombian Caribbean soils
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Angela Bertel-Sevilla, Leonor Cervantes-Ceballos, Irina Tirado-Ballestas, Wilson Maldonado-Rojas, Juan Alzate-Restrepo, Jesus Olivero-Verbel
Physiological and biochemical studies showed that the three isolated strains were able to utilize most oligosaccharides including glucose, mannose, galactose, sorbitol, and as well as sucrose as a sole carbon source. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite. The isolated strains of Cellulosimicrobium sp. showed negative activity against ONPG, H2S production, Lysine utilization and Voges Proskauer’s (VP) test. Morphological and physiological properties of BBCOL-001, BBCOL-002 and BBCOL-003, together with those of other species of Cellulosimicrobium are shown in Table 1. Results on antimicrobial sensitivity shows that all strains presented resistance to carbapenem and sensitivity to other chemical families such as beta-lactam. This particular behaviour was not previously reported.
Study of the aggregation, interaction, and thermodynamic properties of the dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide & cefixime trihydrate mixture in sodium salts solution at numerous temperatures
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
Md. Tuhinur R. Joy, Malik Abdul Rub, Md Al Amin Hossain, Provas Kumer Biswas, Yousef G. Alghamdi, Abdullah M. Asiri, Md. Ruhul Amin, Suman C. Mohanta, Md. Anamul Hoque, Shariff E. Kabir
In the earlier investigation, the impact of cefixime trihydrate (CMT) on the micellization behaviour of CTAB in salts media has been reported at several temperatures [23]. The insertion of CMT reduced the CMC of CTAB solution, which further underwent a decline with the manifestation of electrolytes [23]. CMT (Scheme 1), a third-generation and broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, which has been applied as a medicine for particular types of infections which are caused by bacteria, like bronchitis (an inflectional disease in the airway forward to the lungs), gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted disease), infections of urinary tract, throat as well as infection in the ear & tonsils [24]. This antibiotic derived semi synthetically (partially man-made) from the aquatic fungus cephalosporium acremonium has antibacterial activity. This beta-lactam antibiotic disrupts the peptidoglycan synthesis to prevent the bacterial cell wall synthesis, hence reducing the bacterial cell wall stability as well as bacterial cell lysis. Most of the bacteria cannot imagine surviving without cell wall. CMT cannot work as medicine for flu, colds, or any viral infection but for bacterial infection. Compared to second-generation cephalosporin, this drug is more sensitive against gram-negative than those of gram-positive bacteria. Like other antibiotics, drugs of these categories also have several objectionable side effects. The side effect of this antibiotic can be minimised or overcome by a good correlation of additives such as surfactant, electrolytes, or drug carrier [25]. The past few decades have shown tremendous curiosity in work related to the interaction between surfactant and drug [26–32]. The impacts of numerous antibiotic drugs on the aggregation nature of surfactants have also been studied and the different solution properties are reported [33–35]. It was also reported that the micellar properties were affected by the presence of salts and solvent compositions [36–38].