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Extraction of Sequence-Based Features for Prediction of Methylation Sites in Protein Sequences
Published in Ranjeet Kumar Rout, Saiyed Umer, Sabha Sheikh, Amrit Lal Sangal, Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Computational Biology, 2023
Monika Khandelwal, Nazir Shabbir, Saiyed Umer
In arginine methylation, methyl group is added to nitrogen within an arginine in a polypeptide. R methylation can happen once (monomethylated) or twice (dimethylated). Dimethylated arginine configuration can be symmetric or asymmetric: symmetric dimethylarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine. Arginine methylation commonly takes place at R and glycine (G) abundant regions and it effects the protein–protein interactions and protein structure [37]. Arginine methylation involved in numerous functional methods, including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, genome stability, cell-type differentiation, DNA repair, cancer and RNA processing [1, 2, 36]. S-adenosylmethionine is used by a protein class named histone methyltransferases (HMT) to add a methyl group to the lysine amino residues. Lysine methylation can be done one time (monomethyllysine), two times (dimethyllysine), or three times (trimethyllysine) by lysine methyltransferases. Actually, lysine methylation is primarily studied in H4 and H3 histone proteins, playing vital roles in various biological processes, including transcriptional silencing, X-chromosome inactivation and heterochromatin compaction [25, 29].
Assessment of potential cardiovascular risk in trichloroethylene exposure by serum methylated arginine levels
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Servet Birgin Iritas, Aybike Dip, Meside Gunduzoz, Lutfiye Tutkun, Vugar Ali Turksoy, Serdar Deniz, Gulsum Tekin, Ozgur Oztan, Ali Unlu
In recent years, especially biomarkers based on nitric oxide which are effective on the cardiovascular system are used to determine the possible cardiac risks. Nitric oxide is formed in the endothelium by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and it is known as a potent endogenous vasodilator and a heart protector (Furchgott and Zawadzki 1980; Förstermann et al. 1994). In addition to vasodilatation, it also inhibits adhesion of monocytes and leukocytes to the endothelium (Kubes et al. 1991), aggregation of platelets (Wolf et al. 1997), smooth muscle cell proliferation (Böger et al. 1998a), and oxidation of LDL (Hogg et al. 1993). In many researches, potential cardiovascular effects of toxic substances have been determined by the direct measurement of NO biomarkers amount. Another way is to measure the levels of biomarkers that cause NO inhibition. NO itself is formed during the oxidation of L-arginine amino acid to L-citrulline amino acid by NO synthases. Therefore the levels of L-arginine (Arg), L-homoarginine (HArg), and methylated products of arginine such as NG-methyl-L-arginine (monomethylarginine; L-NMMA), NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine (asymmetric dimethylarginine, ADMA), and NG,N’G-dimethyl-L-arginine (symmetric dimethylarginine; SDMA) influence nitric oxide (NO) synthesis (Caplin and Leiper 2012). HArg blocks the endogenous NO synthesis via competing with L-arginine. NMMA also inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme. While SDMA indirectly inhibits NOS, ADMA directly inhibits NOS (Servillo et al. 2013).
A review of hepatic nanotoxicology – summation of recent findings and considerations for the next generation of study designs
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2020
Ali Kermanizadeh, Leagh G Powell, Vicki Stone
In a metabolomics study, Kitchin et al. (2014) treated HepG2 cells to a panel of 4 TiO2 and two CeO2 NMs at a concentration of 3 or 30 µg/ml for 72 hr. Data demonstrated that five of the NMs markedly depleted reduced GSH with the greatest effects induced by exposures to TiO2 (59 nm) and CeO2 (8 nm). In contrast, a 70 nm anatase TiO2 exerted no significant effect. An addition, CeO2, but not TiO2, elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations (involved in cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and kidney disorders).