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Thermal Physiology and Thermoregulation
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Nitric oxide (NO) is a toxic, colorless, free-radical gas and one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Inhaling a 100 ppm (120 mg/m3) concentration of nitric oxide can be dangerous to life and health.47 Within the human body, however, NO is a highly diffusible intercellular signaling molecule involved in a wide range of biological effects. It is one of the smallest molecules involved in intercellular signaling. The gas is highly reactive and short-lived, with a half-life of only a few seconds, yet it diffuses freely across biological membranes.48 These attributes make NO an ideal transient signaling molecule for events such as vasorelaxation and neurotransmission. Once converted to nitrites or nitrates by reaction with oxygen and water, the signaling activity of NO ceases.
Chemical Kinetics of Combustion
Published in Kenneth M. Bryden, Kenneth W. Ragland, Song-Charng Kong, Combustion Engineering, 2022
Kenneth M. Bryden, Kenneth W. Ragland, Song-Charng Kong
Two main sources of nitrogen are available in combustion devices—molecular nitrogen (N2) within the combustion air and fuel-bound nitrogen within the fuel. Thus, the main sources of nitric oxide emissions in combustion are the oxidation of molecular nitrogen in the post-flame zone (termed thermal NO) and in the flame zone (termed prompt NO) and oxidation of nitrogen-containing compounds in the fuel (fuel-bound NO). The relative importance of these three sources of nitrogen oxide depends on the operating conditions and the type of fuel. For adiabatic combustion with excess oxygen in the post flame zone of a fuel containing little organic nitrogen, thermal NO formation is the main source of NO emissions.
Introduction and Basics of Nanotechnology
Published in Rakesh K. Sindhu, Mansi Chitkara, Inderjeet Singh Sandhu, Nanotechnology, 2021
Anjali Saharan, Pooja Mittal, Kashish Wilson, Inderjeet Verma
Carbon nanotube sensors embedded in gel have been developed by researchers, which can be used to monitor the levels of nitric oxide in blood stream. They can be injected under the skin. Nitric oxide concentration in blood is useful to determine inflammation and, therefore, helpful in monitoring inflammatory diseases. The sensor has been functional in tests with laboratory mice for over a year. Researchers have put in place a method that demonstrates how CNTs can be sprayed on the plastic surface to generate sensors. The plastic film used to wrap food can be useful for such sensors to detect spoiled food.
The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
Georgina L. Kent, Brian Dawson, Lars R. McNaughton, Gregory R. Cox, Louise M. Burke, Peter Peeling
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that plays an important role in regulating numerous physiological processes such as vasodilation and oxidative respiration (Stamler & Meissner, 2001). Endogenous production of NO occurs via the oxygen- and NADPH-dependent conversion of L-arginine to NO and L-citrulline (Palmer, Ashton, & Moncada, 1988), while the formation of exogenous NO follows the reduction of nitrate (NO3−) to nitrite (NO2−), and finally NO (Lundberg & Weitzberg, 2010). Circulating NO2− acts as a NO reservoir that can be used during times of hypoxemia or acidosis, commonly presenting in muscle tissue during exercise (Lundberg & Weitzberg, 2010). Ingestion of dietary NO3− has been shown to increase circulating levels of NO2−, and, subsequently, NO bioavailability (Lundberg & Weitzberg, 2010). Dietary NO3− supplementation prior to exercise has resulted in significant improvements in submaximal exercise efficiency, high-intensity exercise tolerance, and time-trial performance (McMahon, Leveritt, & Pavey, 2017). Due to its commercial availability and high concentration of NO3−, beetroot juice (BR) has become a popular supplement consumed by athletes to exploit these ergogenic effects (McMahon et al., 2017).
DNA Binding, amelioration of oxidative stress, and molecular docking study of Zn(II) metal complex of a new Schiff base ligand
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Dipu Kumar Mishra, Uttam Kumar Singha, Ananya Das, Somit Dutta, Pallab Kar, Arnab Chakraborty, Arnab Sen, Biswajit Sinha
Nitric oxide plays an important role as pro-inflammatory mediators. Nitric oxide (NO.) is synthesized from the amino acid L-arginine by activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). During chronic inflammation, iNOS (calcium-independent isoform of NOS) is activated by LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and produces large amounts of nitric oxide. The active NO. translocates NF-κβ and leads to the formation of cancer. In mitochondria, excess amount of nitric oxide reacts with superoxide radical to produce reactive peroxynitrite radical, which further causes oxidative stress-related disorder. In the present study, it is demonstrated that nitric oxide is down regulated by Zn(II) complex when compared to standard curcumin. Thus, Zn(II) complex might inhibit the inflammation-related disorders.
Non-cropping period accounting for over a half of annual nitric oxide releases from cultivated calcareous-soil alpine ecosystems with marginally low emission factors
Published in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 2018
Fei LIN, Chun-Yan LIU, Xiao-Xia HU, Yong-Feng FU, Xunhua ZHENG, Wei ZHANG, Rui WANG, Guang-Min CAO
Nitric oxide (NO) is a precursor for generating very important air pollutants, such as secondary aerosol particles to form haze, nitric acid to form acid rain, and tropospheric ozone (Atkinson et al. 2004). As such, NO clearly contributes to both air pollution and climate change. Terrestrial ecosystems, after the combustion of both fossil fuels and biomass, play an important role in atmospheric NO sources. In particular, soils are usually the predominant atmospheric NO source in remote regions (e.g., Bouwman, Boumans, and Batjes 2002). In this regard, NO emissions from fertilized ecosystems in alpine regions, e.g., the Tibetan Plateau, are important to understand and quantify.