China 
Africa 
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Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Brain Targeting
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nanocarriers for Brain Targeting, 2019
M. M. de Araujo, L. B. Tofani, I. L. Suzuki, P. D. Marcato, M. V. L. B. Bentley
Esposito et al. (2017) studied the potential of SLN and NLC as nano-formulations to administer to the CNS poorly water soluble drugs, the URB597. As a strategy to alter SLN biodistribution and enhancing blood circulation time, the SLN surface was modified with P80. The tests were conducted in rats to study the efficacy of SLN-P80-URB597 to affect brain function and behavior. The results exploited a noninvasive intranasal (i.n.) administration route as an alternative to intraperitoneal administration. The data demonstrated that SLN-P80-URB597 increased social play behavior in rats compared to SLN-P80. The results suggest that the i.n. route could be proposed as an alternative administration route to exploit the therapeutic potential of anandamide hydrolysis inhibitors in social dysfunctions, such as autism (Esposito et al., 2017).
Increasing cannabis use and importance as an environmental contaminant mixture and associated risks to exposed biota: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Emily K. C. Kennedy, Genevieve A. Perono, Dion B. Nemez, Alison C. Holloway, Philippe J. Thomas, Robert Letcher, Chris Marvin, Jorg Stetefeld, Jake Stout, Oliver Peters, Vince Palace, Gregg Tomy
While numerous constituents can be derived from C. sativa, cannabinoids can also be synthesized endogenously (endocannabinoids) or derived synthetically (Lu & Mackie, 2016). Of the more than 100 active cannabinoids identified, each has the capacity to modulate the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is a network of cannabinoid receptors, cannabinoid ligands (i.e., phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids) and enzymes involved in endocannabinoid synthesis (e.g., N-acyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine-specific phospholipase D, NAPE-PLD; diacylglycerol lipases, DAGL) and degradation (e.g., fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAAH; monoacylglycerol lipase, MAGL) (Lu & Mackie, 2016). Endocannabinoids are categorized into amides and esters. The most studied endocannabinoids are anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachydonyl glycerol (2-AG); their different modes of modulation are reviewed in detail elsewhere (Reviewed in: (Lu & Mackie, 2016)). AEA, 2-AG and other endocannabinoids function as retrograde messengers, modulating neurotransmitter release after they are synthesized and released postsynaptically (Kano et al., 2009; Katona & Freund, 2012).