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Environmental Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
Bioethanol is produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes through the fermentation of sugars or starches (which is easier), or cellulose (which is more difficult). Biobutanol (also called biogasoline) is often claimed to provide a direct replacement for gasoline because it can be used directly in a gasoline engine (in a similar way to biodiesel in diesel engines). Ethanol fuel is the most common biofuel worldwide, particularly in Brazil. Alcohol fuels are produced by fermentation of sugars derived from wheat, corn, sugar beets, sugar cane, molasses, and any sugar or starch that alcoholic beverages can be made from, like potato and fruit waste. The ethanol production methods used are enzyme digestion (to release sugars from stored starches), fermentation of the sugars, distillation, and drying. The distillation process requires significant energy input for heat (often unsustainable natural gas fossil fuel, but cellulosic biomass such as bagasse, the waste left after sugar cane is pressed to extract its juice, can also be used and is more sustainable). Ethanol can be used in petrol engines as a replacement for gasoline. It can be mixed with gasoline to any percentage. Most existing automobile petrol engines can run on blends of up to 15% bioethanol with petroleum/gasoline. Gasoline with ethanol added has higher octane, which means that an engine can typically burn hotter and more efficiently. In high-altitude (thin air) locations, some states mandate a mix of gasoline and ethanol as a winter oxidizer to reduce atmospheric pollution emissions.
Environmental biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
Firdos Alam Khan, Firdos Alam Khan
Bioalcohols are produced by the action of micro-organisms and enzymes through the fermentation of sugars or starches (which is easier), or cellulose (which is more difficult). Biobutanol (also called biogasoline) is often claimed to provide a direct replacement for gasoline, because it can be used directly in a gasoline engine (in a similar way to biodiesel in diesel engines). Ethanol fuel is the most common biofuel worldwide, particularly in Brazil. Alcohol fuels are produced by fermentation of sugars derived from wheat, corn, sugar beets, sugar cane, molasses, and any sugar or starch that alcoholic beverages can be made from, such as potato and fruit waste. The ethanol production methods used are enzyme digestion (to release sugars from stored starches), fermentation of the sugars, distillation, and drying. The distillation process requires significant energy input for heat (often, unsustainable natural gas fossil fuel, but cellulosic biomass such as bagasse; the waste left after sugar cane is pressed to extract its juice can also be used and is more sustainable). Ethanol can be used in petrol engines as a replacement for gasoline. It can be mixed with gasoline to any percentage. Most existing automobile petrol engines can run on blends of up to 15% bioethanol with petroleum/gasoline. Gasoline with ethanol added has higher octane, which means that an engine can typically burn hotter and more efficiently. In high-altitude (thin air) locations, some states mandate a mix of gasoline and ethanol as a winter oxidizer to reduce atmospheric pollution emissions.
Renewable Energy Resources
Published in Julie Kerr, Introduction to Energy and Climate, 2017
Ethanol is an alcohol fuel made from the sugars found in grains such as corn, sorghum, and barley. Other sources of sugars to produce ethanol include SugarcaneSugarbeetsPotato skinsRiceYard clippingsTree barkSwitchgrass
Effects of different main injection timings and injection pressures on combustion and emissions of diesel-THF-ethanol blended fuel
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2022
Yangyi Wu, Tianyun Sun, Zunqing Zheng, Zhao Zhang, Chao Jin, Haifeng Liu, Mingfa Yao
At present, the application of alcohol fuel in internal combustion engine is being widely studied as a research hotspot. (Chen et al. 2015, 2017; Geng et al. 2013, 2014, 2015; Geo et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2013, 2018; Nanthagopal et al. 2020; Nour, Attia, and Nada 2019; Zheng et al. 2015a, 2015b; Zhuang et al. 2013). Among alcohol fuels, ethanol has been extensively studied due to its low production costs, improvement in combustion and efficiency, reduction in pollutant emissions and CO2 emissions, and decrease in consumption of traditional energy sources as well (Hsieh et al. 2002; Koç et al. 2009; Liu et al. 2019a; Sayin 2010; Yücesu et al. 2006). At present, ethanol-gasoline blends have been promoted and used in spark ignition engines in many countries such as Brazil, USA, China, European Union, etc.
Numerical study of methanol flames in laminar forced convective environment using short chemical kinetics mechanism
Published in Combustion Theory and Modelling, 2020
Sharanya Nair, Vasudevan Raghavan
As an alternative to fossil fuels, methanol, an alcohol fuel, plays a key role. Methanol has its application in internal combustion engines especially in the form of blended fuel, apart from its use in burners of different kinds. Government of India has planned to enhance methanol economy as a substitute for crude oil imports, by studying the possibility of producing methanol from gasification of coal and biomass. NITI Aayog in conjunction with Assam petro-chemicals has extended the application of methanol to household stoves, with a special design to prevent any accident due to its toxicity [1]. Therefore specifically in developing countries, it is envisaged that methanol could be a promising fuel in several applications including burners of different scales and in automobiles.
Effect of biodiesel addition in a blend of isopropanol-butanol-ethanol and diesel on combustion and emissions of a CRDI engine
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
In summary, alcohol fuels have been used in internal combustion engines for a long time and among these alcohols, ethanol is the mostly used and studied one. Although it is mainly used in spark-ignition engines due to high octane number, its use in diesel engines is also possible at relatively low ratios due to stability problems with diesel fuel and some other properties. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the use of n-butanol instead of ethanol due to the reasons limiting the use of ethanol as fuel at high rates. However, since it is costly to obtain butanol sustainably by fermentation of IBE, it is recommended to use IBE directly as fuel which is a more convenient way.