China
Africa
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Comparative Forecasts of Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in Botswana Using Box-Jenkin's ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing State-Space Models
Published in Amit Kumar Tyagi, Ajith Abraham, Recurrent Neural Networks, 2023
Ofaletse Mphale, V. Lakshmi Narasimhan
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, which are transmitted between individuals or from an animal [30]. Zoonotic diseases are groups of infectious diseases that affect animals but can cause diseases when transmitted to humans [5]. Studies had shown that to date, various models and tools had been developed to predict and forecast the plagues of infectious diseases. The most popular are ARIMA models [16, 26, 31, 32], SIR models [28, 31], ETS models [26, 33], artificial intelligence [26, 27], and many others. [33]) compared different forecasting methods such as Holt linear trend method, naive method, single exponential smoothing, simple average, Holt-Winters method, moving average, and ARIMA using root mean square error score. From their findings it was deduced that the naïve model outperformed all other models. However, based on the ARIMA model, the grid search method yielded the best fit model for the series data.
Harnessing Indigenous Bioresources for Development of Diagnostics for Detection and Confirmation of Infectious Agents in Nigeria
Published in Hajiya Mairo Inuwa, Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Emmanuel Olufemi Ekundayo, Abubakar Gidado, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Medical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutics, Forensic Science and Bioinformatics, 2022
E. O. Ekundayo, J. C. Igwe, Ifeoma M. Ezeonu
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses in humans and animals. Infectious diseases are otherwise called communicable diseases because they can spread from one person to another, either directly or indirectly, with possibility of causing epidemics and pandemics. Infectious diseases in animals which can be spread to humans are called zoonotic diseases. In the past and as in the present, infectious agents have always posed serious threat to public health and human well-being. Infectious agents like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the corona viruses (CoV) responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) such as COVID-19 are the causes of global devastating pandemics for which cures have not been found (WHO, 2020). Apart from the pandemics which are often associated with high morbidity and mortality, other infectious diseases like malaria, tuberculosis (TB), viral hepatitis, drug-resistant bacterial infections, newly emerging viral infections like Ebola, Lassa fever and Zika viruses are posing significant threats to health in different parts of the world. Infectious diseases are responsible for over 17 million deaths annually (WHO, 2020).
Rwanda
Published in Braithwaite Jeffrey, Mannion Russell, Matsuyama Yukihiro, Paul G. Shekelle, Whittaker Stuart, Al-Adawi Samir, Healthcare Systems:, 2018
Roger Bayingana and, Edward Chappy
In terms of transferability, Rwanda is advocating for the institutionalization of One Health in the health systems of fellow East African countries. Although the International Health Regulations (WHO, 2005) provide guidelines related to any event detected by a national surveillance system, there is a consensus at the global level of the need to address zoonotic diseases and other public health events using a multinational, multisectoral, multidisciplinary approach, and to enhance local, national, regional, and global collaboration to prevent and control zoonotic diseases and other public health events. Thus, in April 2014, the permanent secretary of the Rwandan MoH presented the concept of One Health to the East African Community (EAC) Council of Ministers for the very first time, calling on fellow EAC member states to adopt the One Health approach as a means to implementing most of its activities (East African Community, 2014). The One Health approach was adopted in that same meeting (East African Community, 2014).
Work environment and occupational risk assessment for small animal Portuguese veterinary activities
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2018
Angela C. Macedo, Vânia T. Mota, João M. Tavares, Osvaldo L. Machado, Francisco X. Malcata, Marinela P. Cristo, Olga N. Mayan
Zoonosis refers specifically to an infectious disease transmissible from animals to humans. Veterinarians are uniquely qualified and broadly trained to help prevent transmission thereof; hence, these workers play an important role in promoting public health, via recognition and treatment of diseases during examination of animals and through education of clients.[5]