China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Applications of Nanocarriers in Emerging and Re-Emerging Central Nervous System Tropical Infections
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nanocarriers for Brain Targeting, 2019
Rabies is an important arbovirus infection. This disease is common in several tropical countries. New emergence of rabies is usually a big concern for local public health. Rabid animal, especially for the dog, is the main cause of the infection. Being bitten is the mode of viral receiving. The disease results in serious neurological problems, encephalitis, and death. The prevention of this disease is the best management and there is already an available vaccine for rabies that should be given after exposure to the rabid animal. For management of the case with encephalitis due to this infection, symptomatic management is routinely used but it is hopeless to save the life of the patient when there is already an overt neurological symptom. There is still no specific effective antiviral drug. The role of the technology for rabies vaccine development can be seen (Shah et al., 2014). The summary of important reports is given in Table 16.6.
Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
Revati Phalkey, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, John O’Hagan, Mutahir Ahmad, Darren Addison, Tracy Gooding, Timothy W Gant, Emma L Marczylo, Caryn L Cox
A viral infection of the central nervous system caused by a lyssavirus. Rabies in animals currently occurs in all continents, except Antarctica. Individual countries, including most in Western Europe, are reported to be rabies free in terrestrial animals; however, bats are a potential source of infection in the UK and other rabies-free countries. Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms appear. Diagnosis is only possible after the onset of symptoms and is usually based on the clinical history and examination. However, serology and isolation of the rabies virus or viral antigen can also be used. Once a rabies infection is established, there is no effective treatment.
Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2016
David J. Baker, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, Jill R. Meara, John O’Hagan, Neil P. McColl, Caryn L. Cox
Rabies is a viral infection of the central nervous system caused by a lyssavirus. Rabies in animals currently occurs in all continents except Antarctica. Individual countries, including most in Western Europe, are reported to be rabies-free in terrestrial animals; however, bats are a potential source of infection in the UK and other rabies-free countries. The disease is always fatal in the non-immunised. Diagnosis is only possible after the onset of symptoms and is usually based on the clinical history and examination. However, serology and isolation of the rabies virus or viral antigen can also be used. There is no definitive treatment available.
Environmental health effects attributed to toxic and infectious agents following hurricanes, cyclones, flash floods and major hydrometeorological events
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Timothy B. Erickson, Julia Brooks, Eric J. Nilles, Phuong N. Pham, Patrick Vinck
Flooding, tropical conditions, and the lack of adequate shelter in the aftermath of hurricanes may increase human encounters with venomous animals including snakes seeking higher ground, as well as stinging Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and fire ants). In addition, stray dogs, cats and wild animals such as raccoons and bats may harbor rhabdoviruses enhancing the chance of rabies transmission to humans when bitten (Kerber 2005; Zurko 2017).