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Drugs for Treatment of Neurological and Psychological Conditions
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
The brain determines if we have a sense of well-being or conversely, anxiety, or depression. By adjusting the biochemical balance in the nervous system, drugs can modify these perceptions. Mental illness involving hallucinations and disconnection from reality can sometimes also be treated with drugs. In this chapter, we will consider how drugs can influence our emotional and mental status. There are other drugs that can treat conditions such as epilepsy or dementia that also have their origin in the brain and nervous system. Discovery and development of drugs for treatment of neurological and psychological conditions has been especially challenging, and in many cases advances have come from serendipitous observations. One reason for this is that there are usually not specific well-defined biological abnormalities that can be measured. Animal studies, which must be relied on to find and test compounds, also have limitations. For example, most of the tests for antidepressant drugs rely on chronic stress of rodents that can capture only some aspects of the human situation. They may not model the effect of stress or trauma during development that may correlate with later psychological and mental disorders in humans.
Asthma Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathophysiology and Management in the Current Scenario
Published in Suvardhan Kanchi, Rajasekhar Chokkareddy, Mashallah Rezakazemi, Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications, 2022
Manu Sharma, Aishwarya Rathore, Sheelu Sharma, Kakarla Raghava Reddy, Veera Sadhu, Raghavendra V. Kulkarni
Leukotriene-modifying drugs are also used in the treatment of asthma. They inhibit the synthesis of leukotriene or inhibit the binding of leukotriene to leukotriene receptors. Leukotrienes are lipid mediator which is responsible for bronchoconstriction, inhibiting its action can relieve the patient from bronchospasm. Montelukast (Singulair), zileuton (Zyflo) and zafirlukast (Accolate) are the common leukotriene-modifying drugs available on the market. In certain cases, these drugs can be associated with side effects like hallucination, depression and suicidal tendencies [24].
A semiparametric method for estimating the progression of cognitive decline in dementia
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2018
Xiaoxia Li, Canan Bilen-Green, Kambiz Farahmand, Linda Langley
Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including delusion, hallucination, agitation, anxiety, apathy, motor disturbance, and appetite change, were all indicators of higher CDR SUM scores. History of stroke, presence of disinhibition, and nighttime behavior disturbances (awakening during the night, rising too early, or taking excessive naps during the day) were also associated with higher CDR scores, but to a lesser extent. Furthermore, along with duration, females showed higher CDR SUM scores than their male counterparts. This could be the result of a longer survival time for females.