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Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
“Varicose” veins are superficial veins that have enlarged and elongated, producing ropy, convoluted venous masses in the subdermal fat layer just under the skin surface, usually in the lower extremities. The saphenous veins are often implicated in forming complex varicosities. Hemorrhoids, scrotal varicoceles, and venous masses forming in the female labia can also be considered varicosities; varicosities may occasionally form over any part of the body. Insufficiency (reverse leakage) of venous valves is a frequent cause of leg varicosities. Varicose veins are usually patent, with blood flow bringing deep body warmth to the skin surface. Leg varicosities without thrombophlebitis may appear warm when engorged, but should flatten and have a reduced thermal appearance if the limb is raised above heart level. If clots form in a varicose vein, the resulting thrombophlebitis releases NO, causing the skin over the affected vein to appear warmer. Clotting in varicose veins may be induced therapeutically by intravenous injection of sclerosing agents; if successful, the vein no longer carries warm venous blood, becoming cooler. Because of their superficial location, thermography provides an excellent way to find, evaluate, map, and monitor treatment of varicose veins.
Are We Built to Stand?
Published in Robert Bridger, A Guide to Active Working in the Modern Office, 2019
Varicose veins are veins in which the valves function ineffectively. Veins have one-way valves in them so that when the leg muscles contract, the veins are squeezed and blood moves up the vein towards the heart. The valves stop the blood from flowing back when the muscles relax. In people with varicose veins, fluid accumulates in the lower limbs more rapidly because the valves don’t work properly. This is why the action of the antigravity muscles is so important for proper circulation when we are standing still. When the problem occurs in deep veins, the blood may return along abnormal pathways and lead to long-term health problems such as chronic edema (chronically swollen legs caused by the pooling of body fluids) and leg ulcers.
Standing and Sitting at Work
Published in R. S. Bridger, Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2017
Varicose veins are superficial veins, often in the legs, in which the valves function ineffectively, resulting in pooling of blood and painful swelling. With deep veins, the problem is more serious and can cause blood to return along abnormal pathways resulting in long-term health problems, including chronic edema and leg ulcers. Risk factors include obesity, cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, and lack of exercise. The disease is one of the 10 leading causes of hospitalization in Denmark. Occupational standing is associated with varicose veins in the lower extremities. Tuchsen et al. (2000) followed a sample of 1.6 million working Danes for 3 years from 1991. Men who worked mostly in a standing position were almost twice as likely to experience a first hospitalization for varicose veins compared to all other men. Women who worked mostly in a standing position, were two and a half times at risk than all other women. Tomei et al. (1999) compared the prevalence of chronic venous diseases in office workers, industrial workers, and stoneworkers. The prevalence of the disorders increased with age and number of hours spent standing at work. Controlling for age, the prevalence was higher for workers who stood for 50% or more of their shift. Krijnen et al. (1997) evaluated the effects of rubber floor mats and compression stockings on the leg volume of standing workers suffering from chronic venous insufficiency. Although there was some evidence for a reduction in complaints of pain and tiredness in the legs among those using rubber floor mats, leg swelling over the workday did not differ from a control group. The wearing of compression stockings bought about a significant reduction in leg swelling and in complaints (from 70% complaining at the beginning of the trial to 27% after 3 months). The wearing of the stockings was found to be acceptable to the male workers in the study.
Standing and sitting postures at work and symptoms of venous insufficiency – results from questionnaires and a Doppler ultrasound study
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
The relationship between obesity and chronic venous insufficiency has not been clearly defined. The Polish study conducted by Jawień et al. in 2003 [3] showed that the symptomatic form of the disease was significantly more common in the overweight population compared to asymptomatic patients, and that the majority of the subjects were women. At the same time, these women declared less physical activity compared to asymptomatic patients [3]. Similar results were obtained by Evans et al. in the Edinburgh Vein Study [18]. They demonstrated a correlation between the presence of varicose veins and BMI in women, and that this relationship applied to all stages of the disease. The study conducted by Ducimetiere et al. [19] revealed the relationship between the presence of varicose veins and weight gain, and between smoking and hypertension. In men with varicose veins, the severity of atherosclerosis and, thus, the risk of cardiovascular disease was greater than in men without varicose veins [19]. These results indicate that an increase of physical activity and weight control can prevent not only the development of varicose veins, but also atherosclerosis. The coexistence of these two diseases may prove the impact of different combinations of factors related to lifestyle, diet and hormonal changes on the development of these pathologies.
Varicose ulcer(C6) wound image tissue classification using multidimensional convolutional neural networks
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2019
V. Rajathi, R. R. Bhavani, G. Wiselin Jiji
Varicose veins are enlarged, swollen and twisting veins that often appear in blue or dark purple. The blood travels in one direction because the veins have one-way valves. The valves are weaker because the vein walls are stretched and flexible. Figure 1 shows the flow of blood in backward and opposite directions of the weakened valve. Varicose vein affects women more often than men. During pregnancy women have varicose veins due to extra pressure in the circulatory system. More than 23% of the adults are affected by varicose veins [1].