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Vectored vaccines
Published in Amine Kamen, Laura Cervera, Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines, 2023
Zeyu Yang, Kumar Subramaniam, Amine Kamen
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a member of the Rhabdoviridae family in the Vesiculovirus genus [62]. Vesiculovirus genus members are widely distributed in nature and mainly infect biting insects and livestock. According to the geographic distribution, at least 14 different phylogenetical and serological members in the Vesiculovirus genus are divided into two groups [63]. One includes the Indiana (IND) and New Jersey (NJ) serotypes of VSV, which were found in the Americas. The other was found in the Eastern Hemisphere including Chandipura, Yug Bogdanovac, and Isfahan [62]. The symptom of VSV infection of livestock is transient and accompanied by low level of viremia without a major virus spread. There are rare cases that VSV infects humans, but only when they are exposed to VSV in laboratories or when they come in close contact with the infected animals. Humans can be infected through skin and mucous tissues, while some cases are reported to be infected by insect bites. Human infection by VSV can be accompanied with disease symptoms including myalgia, fever, and headache, which resolve within days [64].
Polymer-based nano-therapies to combat COVID-19 related respiratory injury: progress, prospects, and challenges
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
A variety of sulfated polymers, including sulfated derivatives of PVA, polystyrene, poly(vinylsulfonic acid), poly(anethole sulfonate), and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), have been reported earlier to inhibit HIV replication.[119] Sulfated polymers like poly(vinyl alcohol) sulfate (PVAS) have also proved their efficacy to inhibit HSV, Cytomegalovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Vesicular stomatitis virus, and Retroviruses.[120] Previously, Danial et al. investigated combining the antiviral lamivudine with a terpolymer synthesized from sulfonated side chains (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sodium sulfonate (AMPS)).[121] They found that at higher concentrations, the homopolymer poly(AMPS) combined with lamivudine exhibited nearly full inhibition against HIV infection. Polyphenylene carboxymethylene (PPCM) is a broad-spectrum antiviral polymer that binds to the viral envelope glycoproteins V3 loop and interferes with the interaction between gp120 and CD4+T cells.[122]
Evaluation of a single amino acid substitution at position 79 of human IFN-α2b in interferon-receptor assembly and activity
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Samira Talebi, Alireza Saeedinia, Mehdi Zeinoddini, Fathollah Ahmadpour, Majid Sadeghizadeh
In this study, the function and structure of human IFNα are considered. For saving time and money as well as targeting to precise results, novel effective mutants were designed using bioinformatics tools in silico, then, the most effective one was selected and prepared in recombinant technique, the modified nucleic acid sequence was introduced to CHO cell line, modified IFN-α2b protein was purified from cell culture and its activities were assessed in HeLa cell line and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). HeLa is a cell line derived from cervical cancer cells and it is the most commonly used human cell line in scientific researches.[47] Vesicular stomatitis virus is a member of the Rhabdoviridae family. The wild-type (WT) virus grows to high titers in a variety of tissue culture cell lines. Therefore, VSV is used as an excellent biological tool to study basic biological processes and functions.[48]
Treating cancerous cells with viruses: insights from a minimal model for oncolytic virotherapy
Published in Letters in Biomathematics, 2018
Adrianne L. Jenner, Adelle C. F. Coster, Peter S. Kim, Federico Frascoli
Oncolytic virotherapy is fast becoming a successful cancer treatment. Recent advances in genetically modified cancer-killing viruses have shown increasing promise both experimentally and clinically (see Aghi & Martuza, 2005; Jebar et al., 2015; Lawler, Speranza, Cho, & Chiocca, 2017; Prestwich et al., 2008; Russell, Peng, & Bell, 2012; Wang et al., 2016). Many naturally occurring viruses are being investigated for their use in cancer treatments, for example: Herpes Simplex Virus, adenovirus, measles, reovirus, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (Russell et al., 2012). These viruses are currently being tested in clinical trials and are used to treat a range of cancer types such as Glioma, Ovarian cancer, Sarcoma, Pancreatic cancer, Prostate cancer and Bladder cancer (Prestwich et al., 2008; Russell et al., 2012). Recent success has been reported in treating metastatic melanoma with the herpes simplex virus (Andtbacka et al., 2015). However, oncolytic virotherapy is considered to be at a conceptual stage and consistent success in cancer eradication or control still remains elusive. Much is still unknown about the sensitivity of oncolytic virotherapy to tumour and viral heterogeneity. For example, protocols detailing doses, treatment lengths etc, are not yet universally established.