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Large-Scale Mammalian Cell Culture: A Perspective
Published in Anthony S. Lubiniecki, Large-Scale Mammalian Cell Culture Technology, 2018
N. B. Finter, A. J. M. Garland, R. C. Telling
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is enzootic in cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs in many parts of the world and, unless controlled, has major economic consequences through its effects on animal productivity and international trade. In 1947, Frenkel (4) showed that FMD virus could be grown in surviving fragments of fresh bovine tongue epithelium incubated in a suitable medium. Today such cultures, handled in tanks on an industrial scale, still provide virus which is used to make vaccines. However, this system has the disadvantages common to all primary tissue culture systems and cannot provide enough vaccine to satisfy the worldwide demand.
Animal Connection Challenges
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family and is the cause of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs, cattle, sheep and goats. It is a non-enveloped, positive strand, RNA virus. FMDV is a highly contagious virus. It enters the body through inhalation.
Preparation and characterization of polyoxyethylene dehydrated mannitol mono oleate as hydrophilic emulsifier potentially used in w/o/w type adjuvants
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2021
Mengmeng Zhou, Yantao Li, Xiaoqi Chen, Haijun Zhou, Shulan Yang, Xiongwei Qu
Infectious diseases constitute major threats to livestock and the animal production industry worldwide.[1,2] Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, highly contagious disease that forms vesicular eruptions on the feet and mouths of animals with divided hooves, including swine, cattle and small ruminants.[3–7] The Foot-and-Mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus, including seven major serotypes, A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3 and Asia 1, as well as many subtypes.[8] The disease is characterized by high fever and vesicular lesions on the mouth, tongue, nose and feet. While most animals recover from the disease, outbreaks typically result in severe economic losses to the livestock industry and long-term quarantines to exports from infected areas.[9] In endemic or high-risk regions, prophylactic vaccination is the primary control measure for disease prevention.[10] However, the efficacy of currently used inactivated FMD vaccines is not optimal and novel vaccine formulations are needed.
Dental pulp stem cells in serum-free medium for regenerative medicine
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
Dawn E. Coates, Mohammad Alansary, Lara Friedlander, Diogo G. Zanicotti, Warwick J. Duncan
Clinical application of autologous or allogeneic tissue/cells in medicine is an attractive option to enhance tissue regeneration and offers the opportunity of repairing complex tissues and organs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with multi-lineage differentiation capacity offer the chance of repairing complex organs. For this potential to be realised MSCs must be cultured in a safe and reproducible manner. Due to its biological origin animal serum can result in batch-to-batch variance in cellular growth and differentiation, thus resulting in poor or unreliable repeatability. More seriously it can introduce diseases, thus compromising safety due to the risk of virus and prion transmission (Dormont 1999; Eloit 1999). Such diseases include, but are not limited to, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, reovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza and foot and mouth disease. Amplification of MSCs to gain sufficient numbers for clinical applications has also been associated with genetic and epigenetic changes that may alter growth characteristics and affect safety. A methodology for continuous expansion of MSCs should not only include the type of serum-free medium but whether cells are passaged by either mechanical/enzymatic means, and the effects of freezing/revival on cells, all of which can cause genetic and epigenetic mutations (Wang et al. 2012; Garitaonandia et al. 2015).
Extended local similarity analysis (eLSA) reveals unique associations between bacterial community structure and odor emission during pig carcasses decomposition
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Bo-Min Ki, Hee Wook Ryu, Kyung-Suk Cho
In the livestock industry, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly transmissible viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, is considered one of the most serious and economically significant diseases.[1,2] Various methods such as soil burial, burning, incineration, rendering, anaerobic digestion, alkaline hydrolysis and composting have been used for disposal of pig carcasses.[3] Among them, soil burial and composting disposal methods are widely utilized in many countries.[4–8] Studies have been carried out on the characteristics of the gases emitted in the decomposition stage of pig carcasses in soil burial and composting methods.[1,5,8–10] In addition, microbial community structure was monitored during decomposition of pig carcasses via these methods.[10–14] Since the decomposition gases are by-products of biodegradation of pig carcasses by microorganisms, the decomposition gas properties and microbial community structure are highly correlated. However, there has been little research on the correlation analysis between them.