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Sensitivity and specificity of the urine nitrite test and gram staining in diagnosing UTIs in children
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
N. Fidelia, R. Ramayanti, S. Nafianti, Rusdidjas, O.R. Ramayani, R.S. Siregar, B. Siregar
Early detection of urinary tract infection (UTI), such as urine dipstick test, microscopic examination and urine culture, is necessary because of the incidence of UTI misdiagnosis (Najeeb, 2015). Urinalysis was conducted in children aged over three years old who exhibited dysuria, frequency, haematuria, abdominal pain and urinate incontinence (Robinson, 2014). The urine dipstick test is a method for detecting leucocyte esterase and nitrite (White, 2011). Gram staining and the urine dipstick test are considered as useful, simple, practical and effective methods for early diagnosis of UTIs (Zorc, 2005; Whiting, 2005). Urine culture is unavailable in some health care facilities. The nitrite test is an alternative, but its accuracy compared to urine culture is controversial. Gram staining is a simple test with high accuracy (Zorc, 2005).
The relationship between occupational noise exposure and hypertension using nearest age-matching method in South Korea male workers
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
In South Korea, GHCs are performed on local householders over 20 years old, including those covered by workplace health insurance. For blue-collar workers, GHCs are required annually. The GHC consists of routine medical history inquiries, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. The physical examination includes the measurement of subjects’ height, weight, SBP, and DBP. The laboratory tests include haemoglobin (Hb), total cholesterol (TC), and a simple urine dipstick test. For the purpose of this analysis, we used each group’s median systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), height, and weight; and their mean body mass index (BMI) and TC levels during the same period. BMI was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m2). Hypertension was defined as SBP higher than 140 mmHg or DBP more than 90 mmHg. Proteinuria was diagnosed by a simple urine dipstick test and was defined as the presence of more than 1+ protein on urine dipstick testing more than once during the same time period as the GHC.
Environmental contaminants and preeclampsia: a systematic literature review
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2018
Emma M. Rosen, MG Isabel Muñoz, Thomas McElrath, David E. Cantonwine, Kelly K. Ferguson
The majority of studies defined preeclampsia using American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ (ACOG) 2013 guidelines, although some investigations employed ICD9 or ICD10 codes from medical records and a few others used self-report. ACOG defines proteinuria as excretion of ≥300 mg during a 24-h period or a protein/creatinine ratio ≥ 0.3, but some investigators utilized a single urine dipstick measure, a protein/creatinine ratio ≥0.2, or 300 mg/dl urine. Unless other measures are not available, a dipstick reading is discouraged due to its variability (ACOG 2013).