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Processes for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
Published in Sreedevi Upadhyayula, Amita Chaudhary, Advanced Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment, 2021
Nimish Shah, Ankur H. Dwivedi, Shibu G. Pillai
Biological methods for nitrogen abstraction: Nitrogen compounds can be removed by nitrification and denitrification steps in biological treatments such as percolating filter plants and activated sludge. Overall, the mechanisms produce nitrate and nitrite by oxidation of ammonia (nitrification) and then conversion to nitrogen, nitrous oxide, nitric acid, and nitrite (denitrification).
Properties and Characteristics of Water and Wastewater
Published in Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid, Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, 2020
Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid
Nitrite, NO2−N, is an intermediate oxidation state of nitrogen. It can enter a water supply system through use as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial process water. Nitrite is the actual etiologic agent of methemoglobinemia. Nitrous acid, which is also formed from nitrite under acidic conditions, can react with secondary amines (RR′NH) to form nitrosamine (RR′N-NO), many of which are known to be carcinogens.
Macrophytes as Bioremediators of Toxic Inorganic Pollutants of Contaminated Water Bodies
Published in M.H. Fulekar, Bhawana Pathak, Bioremediation Technology, 2020
Abdul Barey Shah, Rana Pratap Singh
The inorganic nutrients in water were nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphate that degrade the quality of water and deplete the dissolved oxygen present in water. Nitrite, a natural component of the nitrogen cycle in ecosystems, has been recognized as a potential problem for its presence in the environment due to its well-established toxicity to animals (Sinha and Nag, 2011). Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate it from water so as to reduce its toxic effect to the humans and animal consumers of the water, since they cannot assimilate nitrite like plants and bacteria (Alonso and Camargo, 2009). Our study pertaining to the changes in the inorganic nutrients reveals that there is a significant decrease in the concentration of inorganic pollutants from the treatment system. Similar results pertaining to our study were reported by Rawat et al. (2012). The potential rate of uptake of nutrients by plant is limited by the growth rate (net productivity) and the concentration of nutrients in the plant tissues (Vymazal, 2007). Furthermore, it has been observed that a decrease in the concentration of nitrate in the water column could be due to the enhanced plants uptake by their roots rather than microbial denitrification (Bindu et al., 2008; Kadlec and Wallace, 2009). For the removal of ammonia and its species in the constructed wetland, denitrification has been reported to be the major pathway (Rai et al., 2013).
A critical review for hydrogen application in agriculture: Recent advances and perspectives
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Renyuan Wang, Xijia Yang, Xunfeng Chen, Xia Zhang, Yaowei Chi, Dan Zhang, Shaohua Chu, Pei Zhou
Hydrogen also plays an important role in the postharvest preservation of kiwifruit. HRW delayed the ripening and senescence of fruits during storage through reduced respiratory intensity, a lower lipid peroxidation level, improved superoxide dismutase activity, and the maintenance of free radicals and the integrity of the mitochondrial inner membrane (Hu et al., 2014). In addition to inhibiting respiratory intensity and improving the antioxidant system, H2 treatment can also prolong the postharvest life of kiwifruit by limiting the production of endogenous ethylene (Hu et al., 2018). Excessive nitrite consumption is harmful to human health. However, due to nitrogen assimilation in plants, eating fruits and vegetables is one of the main ways for humans to absorb nitrite. H2 treatment delayed the senescence of tomatoes, prolonged the postharvest life, and reduced the content of nitrite (Yihua et al., 2019). In the edible fungus (Hypsizygus marmoreus), HRW delayed the occurrence of decay during mushroom storage and improved the quality of edible fungi through reduced oxidative stress, relative electrolyte leakage, MDA content, O2− activity, and regulating anti-oxidative defense ability (Chen, Zhang, et al., 2017). Application of H2 extended Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng’s shelf life, and the decreasing trend of total phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C was significantly inhibited by H2 (Ke et al., 2021).
Synthesis of CeO2/PPy composites for use in the electrocatalytic detection of nitrite
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Yihui Wang, Xin Xiao, Fan Zhang, Yujie Wei, Xiaojuan Jiang, Liugen Xu, Jinzhi Wang, Huanyu Li
Nitrite is an industrial salt and a food additive. Excessive intake of nitrite can cause hemoglobin in the blood to lose the ability to transport oxygen and cause hypoxia damage. Quantitative analysis of nitrite is particularly important due to the potential hazards of nitrite. Electrocatalytic detection had advantages of low-cost, easy operation, high selectivity, and sensitive response.[27] Modified electrodes with suitable catalyst can not only improve oxidation response of NO2− and NO3−,[28] but also provide a means of extending the dynamic range in analytical determinations. Materials, including Fe3O4/rGO,[28] Pd/rGO,[29] Au-PtNPs/ITO,[30] and Gr-polypyrrole/chitosan[31] have been used as active electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic detection of nitrite in the previous studies. Herein, we synthesize a novel CeO2/PPy composites, which is employed as the electrochemical sensor for nitrite. The peak currents of the CeO2/PPy composites-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for nitrite determination are linear in the concentration range 0.125–22.5 mmol/L, with a detection limit of 0.08 μmol/L.