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Ethics in Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
The excitement about stem cell research is primarily because of the medical benefits in areas of regenerative medicine and therapeutic cloning. Stem cells provide huge potential for finding treatments and cures for a vast array of diseases, including different cancers, diabetes, spinal cord injuries, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and more. There is endless potential for scientists to learn about human growth and cell development from studying stem cells. Use of adult-derived stem cells from blood, skin, and other tissues has been demonstrated to be effective for treating different diseases in animal models. Umbilical cord-derived stem cells have also been isolated and utilized for various experimental treatments. Although cell lines derived from adult stem cells trigger no ethical issues, there are some disadvantages or shortcomings compared to embryonic cell lines, because they are difficult to isolate, poor in quantity, and unsuitable for long-term expansion.
Pediatric Imaging in General Radiography
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, William A. S. Cox, General Radiography, 2020
Allen Corrall, Joanna Fairhurst
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the result of a hypoxic-ischemic insult which occurs when blood and oxygen flow to the fetus is interrupted either in the uterus or during birth (Tasker, McClure, & Acer, 2013). This can occur for many reasons, for example placental abruption or problems involving the umbilical cord. If HIE is recognized fast enough (within 6 hours) the infant’s body temperature is reduced to 33–34°C and this induced hypothermia is maintained for 72 hours before the neonate is gradually rewarmed (Tasker, McClure, & Acer, 2013). Induced hypothermia has improved the prognosis which varies depending on the duration of the hypoxic-ischemic insult and the speed at which it was recognized.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Placental cord (umbilical cord) is the structure connecting the embryo/fetus to the placenta. It is initially extra-embryonic mesoderm forming the connecting stalk within which the placental blood vessels (arteries and veins) form. In human placental cords the placental blood vessels are initially paired, later in development only a single placental vein remains with a pair of placental arteries. This structure also contains the allantois, an extension from the hindgut cloaca then urogenital sinus. Blood collected from the placental cord following delivery is a source of cord blood stem cells.)
Effect of umbilical cord length on early fetal biomechanics
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Juan Felipe Sánchez Gutiérrez, Mercedes Olaya-C, Jorge Andrés Franco, Johana Guevara, Diego Alexander Garzón-Alvarado, María Lucía Gutiérrez Gómez
The umbilical cord (UC) provides continuous blood flow from the placenta to the fetus and vice-versa (Spurway et al. 2012). It is the life-line between the developing individual and the mother to support intrauterine life (Kliman 2006; Olaya and Bernal 2013). This structure forms during the fifth week of development from the fetus’s abdominal region, where the cord extends to insert into the placenta (Schöni-Affolter et al. 2007; Balkawade and Shinde 2012). Its structure appears simple, where a mucoid connective tissue encloses three vessels, two arteries and a vein, surrounded by an outer covering of a single layer of amniotic epithelium.