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Microbiological Hazards
Published in Dag K. Brune, Christer Edling, Occupational Hazards in the Health Professions, 2020
Salmonella may also be a threat to the laboratory worker. Typhoid fever has been reported to account for more fatalities than any other laboratory-acquired infection.53 By 1978, Pike reported a total of 258 recorded cases of laboratory-acquired typhoid fever with 20 deaths in this century.52 However, a significant number of cases are not reported. Blaser et al.278 retrospectively detected 24 cases of laboratory-acquired typhoid fever in the U.S. during a 33-month period from 1977 to 1979. Later, Blaser and Lofgren extended the number to 32 cases in 3.5 years.279 They noted that the number of individuals in the U.S. exposed to S. typhi from voluntary sources (proficiency testing, educational purposes) probably far exceeded the number of individuals exposed to a strain isolated from a clinical specimen. They also reported several cases of typhoid fever passively transmitted from laboratory workers to family members.
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Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
The genera Escherichia and Salmonella diverged around 102 million years ago, coinciding with the divergence of their hosts: Escherichia being found in mammals and Salmonella in birds and reptiles. Salmonella species are intracellular pathogens: certain types cause illness. They usually invade only the gastrointestinal tract and cause salmonellosis; symptoms resolve without antibiotics. Typhoidal serotypes can only be transferred from human-to-human, and can cause food-borne infection including typhoid fever. Typhoid fever occurs when Salmonella invades the bloodstream. A septic form of Salmonella can spread throughout the body, invades organs, and secretes endotoxins, leading to life-threatening septic shock and requiring intensive care.
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Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Our Animal Connection, 2019
The genera Escherichia and Salmonella diverged around 102 million years ago, coinciding with the divergence of their hosts: Escherichia being found in mammals and Salmonella in birds and reptiles. Salmonella species are intracellular pathogens: certain types cause illness. They usually invade only the gastrointestinal tract and cause salmonellosis; symptoms resolve without antibiotics. Typhoidal serotypes can only be transferred from human-to-human, and can cause food-borne infection including typhoid fever. Typhoid fever occurs when Salmonella invades the bloodstream. A septic form of Salmonella can spread throughout the body, invades organs, and secretes endotoxins, leading to life-threatening septic shock and requiring intensive care.
A new approach for the management of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia by using cefixime-based bionanocomposite films
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2022
Badriyah Shadid Alotaibi, Akram Ashames, Manal Buabeid, Momina Masood, Sadullah Mir, Ghulam Murtaza
Cefixime trihydrate is an oral antimicrobial agent of third-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against a broad variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It is used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and typhoid fever. Oral Dosage forms available are tablets, capsules and dry suspension. It is readily absorbed from the enteric tract. The absolute bioavailability of cefixime is in the range of 22% to 54% due to first-pass metabolism [17]. Whereas mean elimination half-life generally lies within the range of 2.5 to 3.8 h. Frequent dosing of cefixime leads to an increased burden on metabolism and may cause gastric problems. Keeping in view all this, a transdermal film loaded with cefixime was formulated to carry the drug to the systemic circulation and to avoid dose-related side effects [11].
A systematic review of the water treatment sludge toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic biota: state of the art and management challenges
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Aline Christine Bernegossi, Bárbara Luíza Souza Freitas, Gleyson B. Castro, Jéssica Pelinsom Marques, Liliane Folli Trindade, Mara R. de Lima e Silva, Mayara C. Felipe, Allan Pretti Ogura
WTS management practices are crucial for understanding its environmental fate and possible exposure routes to terrestrial and aquatic biota (Figure 1). WTS is commonly disposed of in sanitary landfills, sewage pipelines, receiving streams, and open lands.[3,4,6,14,15] Although WTS on agricultural applications is a reality,[16,17] irregular disposal can pollute soils and surface water and leach to groundwater.[3,18] On the other hand, the WTS directly discharged on the surface water endangers aquatic ecosystems by increasing turbidity and the concentrations of potential contaminants.[5] Furthermore, as pathogens can be released into the environment and potentially transmit diseases (e.g., cholera, amebiasis, diarrhea, typhoid fever, and gastroenteritis), the WTS can jeopardize human health.[19,20]
Use of bacteriophage to inactivate pathogenic bacteria from wastewater
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Marwa Ben Saad, Myriam Ben Said, Latifa Bousselmi, Ahmed Ghrabi
Nowadays, the appearance of antimicrobial resistant bacteria would have serious risks for public health and environment. For example, Salmonella are considered as predominant pathogenic bacteria in wastewater and could be conveyed to the environment waters through sewage pollution.[1]Salmonella species can be the cause of serious health problems such as gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and typhoid fever. It is estimated that Salmonella cause 93.8 million cases of gastroenteritis worldwide annually.[2] Therefore, there is need for development of sui technologies that are effective to reduce risk of pathogen spread.[3] In this study, we purpose the development of reliable methods for the inactivation of waterborne pathogenic bacterium using a lytic and specific phage. Knowing that bacteriophage have been applied in several fields and especially in medical field as an alternative to antibiotics to inactivate pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa for skin burned patients (phagotherapy).[4]