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Impact attenuation, performance and injury related to artificial turf
Published in Youlian Hong, Roger Bartlett, Routledge Handbook of Biomechanics and Human Movement Science, 2008
‘Turf toe’ is a condition that results from hyperextension of the great toe made possible by the more flexible shoes worn on artificial turf. The type of shoes that are worn tend to be more flexible than the cleats used on grass. While a player’s foot is planted and the first metatarsal phalangeal joint hyperdorsiflexes and the heel is raised up off the ground. During an applied downward force, the great toe is dorsiflexed to an extreme, resulting in a tear of the capsule around the first metatarsal phalangeal joint. This injury is normally treated with rest and often can become a chronic disabling problem. Operative repair can sometimes be successful.
Influence of forefoot bending stiffness on American football performance and metatarsophalangeal joint bending angle
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2023
John William Wannop, Nicole Schrier, Jay Worobets, Darren Stefanyshyn
American football is popular worldwide, consisting of a multitude of athletic movements such as pivoting, sprinting, running, jumping and cutting. These movements performed at maximum intensity place large loads on the athletes and since American football also involves direct contact between players, the likelihood of overload and risk of injury is high. In American football sprain of the first MTP joint can occur and is often referred to as turf toe. One of the most common mechanisms of MTP joint sprain, accounting for over 85% of turf-toe injuries in American football is hyperextension of the MTP joint (Coker et al., 1977). This hyperextension results in damage to the plantar structures of the forefoot, specifically injury to the flexor halluces brevis, plantar capsule ligament and in extreme cases, injury to the sesamoid bones within the tendon. While the injury rate of MTP sprain is not substantial, being reported at 4.5–6.0 injuries per football season per team (Clanton et al., 1986; Coker et al., 1977), and accounting for less than 2% of all injuries (Turbeville et al., 2003) it can be severe, resulting in a large time loss for the athlete. It has been reported that although ankle injuries are four times more prevalent than turf toe injuries, turf toe injuries account for over 4.5 more games lost per injury (Coker et al., 1977).