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Designing for Foot and Ankle Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
A person’s overall health or a specific health problem, like diabetes, greatly affects foot function. Normal foot variations and deformities affect footwear design. Sizing and fit strategies, affected by foot variations, are essential in designing footwear. The foot and ankle are key structures in human body movement. Footwear designs can either promote healthy foot function or inhibit it. We challenge designers to design footwear that promotes good foot function and health, while meeting the users’ demands for style and fashion.
Mass customisation of foot orthoses for rheumatoid arthritis
Published in Paulo Jorge Bártolo, Artur Jorge Mateus, Fernando da Conceição Batista, Henrique Amorim Almeida, João Manuel Matias, Joel Correia Vasco, Jorge Brites Gaspar, Mário António Correia, Nuno Carpinteiro André, Nuno Fernandes Alves, Paulo Parente Novo, Pedro Gonçalves Martinho, Rui Adriano Carvalho, Virtual and Rapid Manufacturing, 2007
J. Pallari, K.W. Dalgarno, J. Woodburn
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease, which can cause pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints of hands and feet. The foot is a major site for RA involvement and a major source of disability resulting from this disease. It cannot be cured but it can be treated with drug treatments, physical therapy and with orthotic devices. Foot orthoses are applied to the foot to improve foot function, to correct deformities, and/or to relieve pain.
Comparison of foot posture and foot muscle morphology between lifesaver athletes and healthy adults
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2023
Shota Ichikawa, Tsukasa Kumai, Takumi Okunuki, Toshihiro Maemichi, Masatomo Matsumoto, Hiroki Yabiku, Zijian Liu, Ryusei Yamaguchi, Arina Iwayama, Goro Ayukawa, Yui Akiyama, Hiroyuki Mitsui, Hisateru Niki
Arch height increases due to the development of foot intrinsic muscles (McKeon et al., 2015). Regarding flat feet and other diseases characterized by lower foot arches, exercises that train the intrinsic foot muscles, such as the short foot exercise, can raise the arch and improve balance functions (Lynn et al., 2012; Mulligan & Cook, 2013). The tibialis posterior terminates deeply in the tarsal and metatarsal bones and contributes to longitudinal and horizontal arch stability (Mulligan & Cook, 2013). Similarly, the flexor digitorum longus stabilizes the longitudinal arch (D’Aout et al., 2009). We show that the increased cross-sectional area of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot in the lifesaver group may be accompanied by an increase in arch height. People who regularly walk barefoot have significantly wider feet and more spread out forefeet (Franklin et al., 2015), and the foot pressure under load is reported to be evenly distributed throughout the foot (Mickle et al., 2013). Here, the lifesaver group that engaged in barefoot activity on a sandy ground had wider feet. Moreover, this group maintained high longitudinal and transverse arches during WB, suggesting the beneficial effects of the evenly distributed load.
Diabetic foot thermal image segmentation using Double Encoder-ResUnet (DE-ResUnet)
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2022
Doha Bouallal, Hassan Douzi, Rachid Harba
Diabetes-related diseases mainly affect the feet, eyes, heart, kidneys, nervous system and blood vessels [1, 2]. This work solely concerns Diabetic Foot disease (DF), which is defined as infection, ulceration or destruction of the deep tissues of the foot [3]. It also includes peripheral arterial disease and neuropathy [4]. The severity of DF can lead to hospitalisation or even to lower limb amputation, which imposes a major burden to society and great loss in health-related quality of life for patients. In many cases, early detection of DF and preventive care have proven their efficiency limiting the development of foot ulcers and related amputation. Once diabetic foot disease is detected, the patient can be treated with specific education, regular foot care and therapeutic shoe inserts. Consequently, the incidence of serious complications, i.e., ulceration and amputations, could be further reduced, according to diabetes experts.
Effect of shoe modifications on biomechanical changes in basketball: A systematic review
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2022
Wing K. Lam, Wei H. Kan, Jingyi S. Chia, Pui W. Kong
Basketball has continuously grown in popularity worldwide (Cantwell, 2004) and across all levels of participation, from recreational to professional level (Zvijac & Thompson, 1996). Game analysis has revealed that basketball players spend more than 20% of their playing time executing high-intensity movements (Ben Abdelkrim, El Faza, & El Ali, 2007; McInnes, Carlson, Jones, & McKenna, 1995) such as running/sprinting with acceleration and deceleration (sprint = 55 and run = 97 times), jumping (44 times) and various high-intensity basketball movements (94 times, Ben Abdelkrim et al., 2007). This places large external and internal loads on the lower extremities. The injury rate of high school basketball players has been reported as 1.94 per 1000 athlete exposure, with the ankle/foot being the most commonly (39.7%) injured site (Borowski, Yard, Fields, & Comstock, 2008). In adults, basketball injuries were found to be most prevalent (31.6%) among all sports and recreational injuries presenting to a hospital emergency department (Padegimas, Stepan, Stoker, Polites, & Brophy, 2016). There is therefore a pertinent need to understand the injury mechanisms through biomechanical analysis and preventive strategies such as the use of appropriate footwear and foot orthoses to reduce the incidence of ankle/foot injuries (Lu & Chang, 2012).