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Designing inclusive hospital wayfinding
Published in Paulo Jorge da Silva Bartolo, Fernando Moreira da Silva, Shaden Jaradat, Helena Bartolo, Industry 4.0 – Shaping The Future of The Digital World, 2020
Touch is the first sense that a child experience and react, by reacting to heat, cold, roughness and softness (El Saddik et al., 2011). Haptic perception is related to the study of human sensitivity and manipulation through tactile and kinesthetic sensations for object recognition (El Saddik et al., 2011). The sense of touch is different from all other senses acting like a closed circuit process (loop) and with one bidirectional channel of sensing and acting, dependent of a physical contact and the receptors distributed along the body (El Saddik et al., 2011). It is trough touch that we understand what is constant, the approximate, the invariant, the general, which means that the sensory content is noticeable from form geometry (Paterson, 2005). Also Pallasmaa (2005) reinforces this importance of the sense of touch on the experiencing and understanding of the world seen by our eyes. Vision reveals what touch already knows, and that we could think of touch as the inconscient of vision (Pallasmaa, 2005)
Senses in Action
Published in Haydee M. Cuevas, Jonathan Velázquez, Andrew R. Dattel, Human Factors in Practice, 2017
Lauren Reinerman-Jones, Julian Abich, Grace Teo
Touch refers to the ability to capture, perceive, identify, and discriminate physical sensations. The skin contains about 5 million receptors and is the primary organ through which the sense of touch begins. As an external stimulus comes in contact with the skin (epidermis and dermis), mechanoreceptors (sensory neurons) transform mechanical stimulation (pressure, stretching, vibration) into an electrical signal that is transmitted through the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), where a response to the stimulus is generated and sent back to the muscles through motor neurons. Four main mechanoreceptors are found in the skin: Merkel receptor, Meissner corpuscle, Ruffini cylinder, and Pacinian corpuscle.
Cognitive Ergonomics
Published in Prabir Mukhopadhyay, Ergonomics for the Layman, 2019
Just like the antenna on numerous devices, there are numerous antennae all over the skin, and some are very sensitive in certain locations of the body on the surface of the skin. These antennae are known as senses or sensory receptors, as they receive information from the outside world and transmit them to the brain. The senses which are sensitive to touch are also called the tactile senses. In general we use touch or tactile senses very grossly. The sensation of touch can be categorized into haptic senses (sensitive to pressure) and kinesthetic senses (sensitive to movement in space). There are some receptors which are responsive to heat (Ruffinis end organs), cold (Krause end bulb), and pressure (Pacinian corpuscles).
Recent advances in neuromorphic transistors for artificial perception applications
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Tactile sensation is one of the five sense systems of human beings. It can transform external information into inner feelings, which is the earliest developed, the widest distributed, and the most complicated sensory system. Physiologically, touch is detected by receptors on sensory neurons embedded in the skin. The tactile receptors in the skin can convert the external touch/press stimulus into electrical signals, which induce firings of postsynaptic spikes by neurotransmitters [54,67]. These spikes are then transmitted to the terminal somatosensory cortex to form tactile sensation. In addition, tactile perception relies on comprehensive activities of sensing, refining, and learning, which enormously shapes our interactions with external environment. Therefore, developments of artificial tactile sensing system is crucial for the application of robots and prosthetics. In recent years, the integration of different tactile sensors and neuromorphic devices to build artificial tactile sensing system has been reported. Various tactile sensors based on different conduction mechanisms have been explored, including resistive-type, capacitive-type, piezoelectric-type and triboelectric-type tactile sensors.
Impact of Direct Interaction with Virtual Objects through Touchscreens on Enhancing Psychological Ownership and Endowment Effect
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
The tactile sense is a highly evolved sense that plays an important role in our daily interactions. We rely on this sense to manipulate objects, as well as to characterize them in terms of shape, weight or texture. The body’s perception of touch is a complex process involving neurological, chemical and mechanical elements (Paterson, 2009; Robles-De-La-Torre, 2006), as “haptic perception involves the movement and exploration of an object with the hand through all discriminative touch functions (including touch, pressure, vibration)” (Chauvelin et al., 2014). Touching is defined as the sensation obtained by placing non-painful stimuli on the body surface (Horst, 2005). Unlike the other senses, there is no centralized organ to detect the sense of touch (Georgiou, 2014), it is a sense based on receptors, distributed throughout the entire body, encoding perceptual information once a stimulus is received through the skin. Consequently, the whole haptic sense depends on the human ability to put together information from different places on the body (Chang & O'Sullivan, 2005). Previous experimental studies showed that even other senses can contribute to our tactile perceptions. For example, for clothing, the additional visual support presented on web sites, besides textual information, lead to the same level of material perception as the one for actual touching (Jeong et al., 2008).
Information-theoretic investigation of impact of huggable communication medium on prefrontal brain activation*
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2019
Hidenobu Sumioka, Soheil Keshmiri, Hiroshi Ishiguro
Despite such advances, their interactions with humans continue to suffer from limited visual-auditory information. Although typical social robots interact with people using body movements, facial expressions, and verbal ability, they are not designed for touch interactions since they are covered by hard, heavy material. In human interactions, interpersonal touch plays a critical role in governing our emotional and physical well-being [1]. Its therapeutic effects on physical and mental stress have been repeatedly supported [2,3]. As social robots interact more in our daily lives, such touch interaction between humans and robots as hugs and handshakes will grow increasingly important as a type of psychological support. In fact, some studies have already investigated human-robot touch interaction to understand how touch interaction between humans and robots induces physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses that resemble those reported for human touches [4,5].