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Situation Awareness
Published in Rhona Flin, Paul O’Connor, Margaret Crichton, Safety at the Sharp End, 2008
Rhona Flin, Paul O’Connor, Margaret Crichton
The human brain functions as a very sophisticated information processing machine. While it is often likened to a computer, there are some tasks that a computer can do much more efficiently, e.g. rapid calculations, and others where the brain is by far the superior device, e.g. recognising faces. We gather information from the world around us with our five sensory systems: vision, hearing, touch, taste and smell. As there is too much information available in the environment at any one time for our brains to process, we attend selectively to some things rather than others. The selection is driven partly by the environment – e.g. a sudden noise or change in light will attract our attention – but we are also guided by past experience. That is, information we have stored in memory – our knowledge of the world we live in – will guide us to attend to certain cues in the environment, as we know they are in some way meaningful or important to us.
Homo Sapiens (“Us”): Strengths and Weaknesses
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
When exploring our animal connection, one of the most important areas is the part of the human nervous system responsible for the processing of sensory information. Each sensory system consists of sensory neurons, neural pathways, and the particular parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for the five senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. Beyond those conventional and broadly recognized senses, there are other “sensory modalities,” including temperature, pain, balance, and vibration. Figure 4.8A shows at high levels of complexity how sensory signals are communicated inside the spinal cord.
Homo Sapiens (“Us”): Strengths and Weaknesses
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Our Animal Connection, 2019
When exploring our animal connection, one of the most important areas is the part of the human nervous system responsible for the processing of sensory information. Each sensory system consists of sensory neurons, neural pathways, and the particular parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for the five senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. Beyond those conventional and broadly recognized senses, there are other “sensory modalities,” including temperature, pain, balance, and vibration. Figure 4.8A shows at high levels of complexity how sensory signals are communicated inside the spinal cord.
Stereoscopic cell tracking for evaluating cell motility and mobility validated by deep learning
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Advances in visualisation technology for time lapsed microscopy images provide scientists engaged with biology many opportunities in dynamic processes of living specimens (Ulman et al. 2017). Computational pattern analysis methods are getting popular for evaluating cell dynamics using time-lapse light microscope data. Therefore, researchers have been investigating cell behaviour using sophisticated segmentation and tracking algorithms. Cells have individual sensory system to sense various environmental stimulations. When we apply a stimulus to a cell, it gives an individual response as cell movement which can be a change in cell morphology or a displacement towards a trajectory, or both. Understanding morphogenesis thoroughly is difficult because of its complexity, but individual cell response can give useful clues to evaluate cellular differentiation (Follette and O’Farrell 1997). We are at the early stage of understanding cell proliferation and its control mechanism.
Recent advances in neuromorphic transistors for artificial perception applications
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Ahn et al. [53] proposed a duplex bioelectronic tongue (DBT) using graphene FETs, as schematically shown in Figure 20(a). Micropatterned graphene surfaces were functionalized with two types of nanovesicles, that is, human T1R1/T1R3 for the umami taste and human T1R2/T1R3 for the sweet taste. Based on graphene transistor sensors with high stability and fast response characteristics as well as high sensitivity originated from selective interaction of each channel, duplex bioelectronic tongue (DBT) can detect umami and sweet tastants simultaneously. Figure 20(b) shows real-time responses of two channels in the DBT sensor toward umami and sweet tastants. The DBT platform exhibits high sensitive and selective recognition of target tastants at low concentrations (ca. 100 nM). In addition, the developed DBT can detect the enhancing effect of taste enhancers as in a human taste sensory system, as shown in Figure 20(c). The technique would be a useful tool for detection of tastes instead of sensory evaluation and development of new artificial tastants. Besides, Capitán et al. [127] used electronic tongue for sensory testing and prediction of drinking water from different origins. The electronic tongue array consists of six ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFET)-based sensors, one conductivity sensor, one redox potential sensor, two amperometric electrodes, one gold microelectrode and one nanocomposite planar electrode. Interestingly, the proposed electronic tongue obtains a good classification according to their chemical composition, including hardness, alkalinity, chlorine content, and ionic content. The results showed that the electronic tongue had the ability to analyze the sensory characteristics of water samples, and had considerable prospects in replacing the taste panel.
A computational framework to simulate the endolymph flow due to vestibular rehabilitation maneuvers assessed from accelerometer data
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Carla F. Santos, Jorge Belinha, Fernanda Gentil, Marco Parente, Bruno Areias, Renato Natal Jorge
The vestibular system is the sensory system that provides the leading contribution about movement and sense of balance. As our movements consist of rotations and translations, the vestibular system comprises two connected main components; the three semicircular canals (SCCs), which are placed orthogonally to measure rotational movements, and the utricle and the saccule, which contain the otoliths to measure linear accelerations. Each SCC is comprised of a circular section of continuous fluid, connected with the ampulla and the vestibule (which contains the sensory epithelium).