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Biomechanical studies for understanding falls in older adults
Published in Youlian Hong, Roger Bartlett, Routledge Handbook of Biomechanics and Human Movement Science, 2008
Daina L. Sturnieks, R. Stephen
Sensory information from the limbs provides feedback regarding position, movement and touch. This information includes proprioception and tactile sensation. Proprioception is the awareness of body position, which comes from receptors in the muscles, tendons, and joints and is often assessed by measuring one’s ability to determine joint position or joint movement. Two types of sensory receptors in skeletal muscles, muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, provide information regarding muscle tension and length (from which joint position can be determined), the velocity of movements and the force produced by to the muscle. Mechanoreceptors existing in joints and surrounding structures respond to distortion or pressure and also provide an indication of joint position, in addition to the degree of stretch, compression, tension, acceleration, and rotation. Tactile sensitivity is the awareness of touch and comes from receptors, generally in the skin that respond to variations in pressure (firm, brushing, sustained, etc). Plantar tactile sensitivity is reduced in older adults and correlated with measures of balance and functional test performance (Menz et al., 2005). Furthermore, quantitatively assessed impairments in peripheral sensation, including tactile sensitivity at the ankle, vibration sense at the knee and knee joint position sense, are significant and independent risk factors for falls in populations of older people (Lord et al., 1992,1994).
Perception of Objects in the World
Published in Robert W. Proctor, Van Zandt Trisha, Human Factors in Simple and Complex Systems, 2018
Robert W. Proctor, Van Zandt Trisha
Oculomotor depth cues are provided proprioceptively. Proprioception is the ability to feel what your muscles are doing and where your limbs are positioned. The position of the muscles of the eye can also be perceived proprioceptively. We have already discussed (in Chapter 5) how the muscles of the eye work and even how abusing these tiny muscles can lead to eye strain and fatigue. The two motions that these muscles accomplish are accommodation and vergence, and the states of accommodation and vergence are two oculomotor cues to depth.
Toward Standard Guidelines to Design the Sense of Embodiment in Teleoperation Applications: A Review and Toolbox
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Sara Falcone, Gwenn Englebienne, Jan Van Erp, Dirk Heylen
The manipulation of proprioceptive information is one of the most used SoE evaluation tasks. Proprioception is based on the information from receptors in muscles and joints (capsules and surrounding tissue). These receptors provide information to the central nervous system about the position and movement of body parts (e.g., the angle of a joint or the length of a muscle). Proprioception is the sense that tells the body where it is located in space. It is very important to the brain as it plays a big role in self-regulation, coordination, posture, body awareness, the ability to attend and focus, and speech. To reach high SoE, it is important that the visual cues that the operator receives reflect the remote device and environment accurately. Therefore, the distances, points and objects in space have to be properly perceived in the remote environment, the perception of joints has to be paired, and the device response to the operator’s movement has to be synchronous and, ideally, happen in real time (i.e. with negligible delay; Kouakoua et al., 2020; Krom et al., 2019; Newport et al., 2010).
Effects of a 16-week Tai Chi intervention on cutaneous sensitivity and proprioception among older adults with and without sensory loss
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2021
Teng Zhang, Min Mao, Wei Sun, Li Li, Yan Chen, Cui Zhang, Xinyan Zhang, Qipeng Song
Researchers indicated that lower extremity strength was not related to balance control in individuals with PN (Manor & Li, 2009), and older adults relied primarily on cutaneous and proprioceptive input to maintain balance (Li et al., 2019). Proprioception is the perception of limb movement and spatial orientation generated by body stimulation, which plays a crucial role in maintaining joint stability (Katharina et al., 2015). Proprioception is essential for the older adults with sensory loss, as the older adults compensate for the loss of cutaneous inputs by using proprioception more than vestibular and visual cues (Katharina et al., 2015). Many studies investigated the effect of physical exercise on the ankle joint proprioception among the older adults (Zhang et al., 2015), while limited studies investigated the effects of exercise on knee joint proprioception (Tsang & Hui-Chan, 2003), although the knee joint is the body’s main stable support joint. In addition, studies investigated the effects of physical exercise on multi-joint proprioception are lacking.
Effect of Kinesio Taping and balance exercises on postural control in amateur soccer players: A randomised control trial
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
Marta Inglés, Pilar Serra-Añó, Àlex Giménez Méndez, Manuel Zarzoso, Marta Aguilar-Rodríguez, Luis Suso-Martí, Ferran Cuenca-Martínez, Gemma V. Espí-López
Proprioception plays an essential role in balance control. In this regard, Halseth et al. investigated the effect of KT application on ankle proprioception in 30 healthy subjects and found no improvements after KT application (Halseth, McChesney, Debeliso, Vaughn, & Lien, 2004). Another study revealed that KT application on the rectus femoris rendered no beneficial effects on functional and proprioceptive performance in healthy, physically active individuals immediately following and up to 48h after KT application (Magalhaes et al., 2016). Thus, the results reviewed in the literature are largely consistent with those obtained in our study, namely, KT applied to the ankle does not improve stability-related parameters. A possible explanation for this finding is that wearing KT for a long time (i.e., 4–5 days) provides a continuous stimulation of cutaneous receptors and mechanoreceptors, thus resulting in an adaptation that would inhibit any further proprioceptive feedback and balance improvements.