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Rehabilitation Computing in Electronic Computing
Published in Parveen Berwal, Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal, Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Shashi Kant, Computer Applications in Engineering and Management, 2022
Parveen Berwal, Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal, Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Shashi Kant
Regenerative medicine is a growing discipline in medicine that combines biology and biomedical engineering concepts intending to create a functional tissue replacement that will preserve human tissue function. And the fact that soft tissues regenerate, bone healing has degenerative characteristics, and there is normally no scar after healing. The renovating process starts as soon as the fracture is bridged by fresh bone. Different stimuli, such as growth factors, distraction osteogenesis, and endothelial cells, can influence bone recovery. TGF-“3 is a cytokine released by a variety of cell types in the body that affects a variety of cell functions such as differentiating, stimulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) formation, acting as a chemotactic factor, and promoting bone cells and ECM product secretion. This section aimed to look into the effects of TGF-3 and its dose carriers HCl and BSA/HCl on MG63 bone cell monolayer wound repair.
Controlled Delivery of Angiogenic Proteins
Published in Emmanuel Opara, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, 2020
Binita Shrestha, Jacob Brown, Eric M. Brey
Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are cytokines that regulate cell growth, differentiation, motility, organization, inflammation, and morphogenesis. TGFα and TGFβ are known to contribute to angiogenesis, tissue development, and wound healing. The function of TGFβ is mediated by interactions with receptors TGFR-I, TGFR-II, and TGFR-III. TGFβ can stimulate or inhibit angiogenesis depending on temporal distribution and the presence/absence of other factors [47]. For example, TGFβ stimulates mesenchymal cells but exhibits antimitogenic properties for epithelial cells. TGFβ contributes to vascular morphogenesis based on regulation of ECM deposition and ECM remodeling. More importantly, TGF-β1 plays a fundamental role in stabilization of new vessels by inhibiting EC proliferation and inducing differentiation of recruited mural cells.
Nanomedicine for Wound Healing
Published in Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Debasis Nayak, Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 2019
Sourav Das, Papia Basu Thakur, Aparna Harri, Manali Bagade, Chitta Ranjan Patra
A growth factor is one kind of naturally occurring protein or steroid hormone which can promote proliferation, healing and helping in cellular differentiation or growth. They harmonize all cellular processes in wound healing by producing cytokines that attract cells into the wound site, resulting in their proliferation and ECM deposition (Hantash et al. 2008, Barrientos et al. 2008). The growth factors which are normally used to accelerate wound healing are TGF-β (infiltrates cells into the wound area), EGF, PDGF (assisting cell migration, activating the generation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells), FGF, and VEGF (helps in formation of new blood vessels) (Singer and Clark 1999). Delivery systems have been configured in different ways and designed in divergent manners using degradable and non-degradable natural polymers. Generally, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are biocompatible and biodegradable polymers.
Optimizing the biodegradability and osteogenesis of biogenic collagen membrane via fluoride-modified polymer-induced liquid precursor process
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Xiyan Li, Chuangji Li, Mengxi Su, Xinyi Zhong, Yihan Xing, Zhengjie Shan, Shoucheng Chen, Xingchen Liu, Xiayi Wu, Quan Liu, Ye Li, Shiyu Wu, Zhuofan Chen
Comparable new bone formation was observed in both F25 and SF25 groups with the BCM group. It should be noted that massive vascularized fibrous encapsulation was accompanied by new bone tissue in the F-mBCM group (Figure 4(b,c)), which may be related to the upregulation of TGF-β1, MMP9, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Figure 5(a)). The expression of TGF-β1 can lead to the formation of fibrous and scar tissue through the activation of the classic TGF-β-Smad-MMP signaling pathway [29,30]. MMP9 can degrade the extracellular matrix by digesting solubilized collagen I and III monomers [31]. Upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines can also induce pre-osteoblasts to differentiate towards a fibroblast phenotype [32] (Figure 5(a)), leading to fibrous encapsulation. In the SF-mBCM group, the expression of TGF-β1, MMP9, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were all significantly downregulated (Figure 7(a)), along with reduced angiogenesis and fibrous encapsulation in vivo (Figure 8(c,e)). Additionally, MCSF expression was downregulated. MCSF can induce osteoclastogenesis by binding to the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor on macrophages and promoting osteoclast differentiation [33]. Therefore, the downregulation of MCSF also promoted bone formation in the SF-mBCM group (Figure 7(a)).
A concise review on drug-loaded electrospun nanofibres as promising wound dressings
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2019
Farzaneh Aavani, Sajedeh Khorshidi, Akbar Karkhaneh
The transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) is a polypeptide regulatory molecule that controls and runs a lot of functional and vital activities in human body such as cellular functions, including cell growth and differentiation, ECM production, motility, and immune function. Like other regulatory and signalling factors, TGF-β1 has very important role in wound-healing process. This signalling factor has been found to be increased in the chronic phase of irradiated wound healing. Fibroblast proliferation, transformation to myofibroblasts, and stimulation of ECM production are all controlled by growth factors, primarily TGF-β1. It is well established that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as a signalling factor, could induce fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation [63].
Novel fabrication of dual nanoparticle loaded-co-polymeric dressing for effective healing efficiency in wound care after fracture surgery
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Lili Chen, Zhenfei Pan, Jinqiang Zhu, Yi Mao, Junhong Sun
Wound healing is a series of biochemical changes to restore the damaged cellular structure to normal form [51]. Wound healing is brought about by inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling [52]. Wound healing is promoted by growth factors like transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and platelet activation factor (PAF) [53]. In the present study, CUR loaded CH/PEG/AgNPs improved the wound healing in rats. When compared to the control, CH/PEG/AgNPs significantly promoted the healing process of wound in rats on day 1, day 3, day 6, and day 12. Interestingly, a greater significant wound healing in rats was noticed following treatment with CUR loaded CH/PEG/AgNPs on different days of experiment (day 1, day 3, day 6, and day 12). During the treatment days, CUR loaded CH/PEG/AgNPs have shown its primary effect from day 1 up to day 11 (Figure 10(A)). A more pronounced healing effect was observed on day 12 in which CUR loaded CH/PEG/AgNPs favors the complete curative effect in wound excised rats. The results of wound contraction show that CUR loaded CH/PEG/AgNPs had greater healing effect by increasing wound contraction (98% on day 12) with respect to CH/PEG/AgNPs (60% on day 12) and control (45% on day 12) (Figure 10(B)). Furthermore, it revealed that the CUR loaded CH/PEG/AgNPs had accelerated the rate of epithelialization and also completed the epithelialization process rapidly compared to CH/PEG/AgNPs and control (Figure 10(C)). The rapid wound contraction of CUR loaded CH/PEG/AgNPs was due to the production of interleukin-8, which have affected the function of other inflammatory cells. Further, it has increased the intracellular communication in fibroblasts leading to fast maturation of granulation in tissue [54]. Previously, the ethanolic extract of Cestrum nocturnum (L.) leaves have increased wound contraction, reduced epithelialization period, and higher level of hydroxyproline in rats [55].