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Clinical Effects of Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
To define the degree of systemic inflammation, substances measured are inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E metabolite, and heat shock protein 60; IL-10 was the selected TH2 anti-inflammatory cytokine. Given that controlled ozone exposures are associated with upregulation of mCD14 on airway macrophages and monocytes, and that a synergistic action on the CD14 effect has been suggested between PM-LPS and ozone,37 they selected mCD14, sCD14, and LPS-binding protein (LBP)38,39 to characterize the LPS-recognition complex components. LPS forms a complex with an acute-phase protein called LBP responsible for the binding and transport of LPS in the circulation.39 A major response to LPS is mediated by its interaction with CD14, a 55-kDa myeloid differentiation antigen that allows endotoxin to interact with the TLR4.39 Finally, TLR4 specifically recognizes LPS and is part of the endotoxin signaling receptor complex that initiates proinflammatory signaling. Since missense mutations such as Asp299Gly are associated with a blunted response to inhaled LPS, it was determined the allelic frequencies of Asp299Gly TLR4 polymorphism in both cohorts and included only children fully capable of responding to LPS.40 Certainly, the chemically sensitive can go down this pathway eventually causing permanent brain damage.
Outdoor Emissions
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
A study by Rich and colleagues70 also used a quasi-experimental approach to study young healthy adults. They aimed to investigate whether markers related to pathophysiological pathways of cardiovascular disease were sensitive to changes in air pollution and focused on biomarkers for systemic inflammation and thrombosis along with measuring heart rate and blood pressure (BP). Similar to the study of Huang and coworkers,69 they reported substantial decrease in concentrations of particulate and gaseous pollutants by –13% to −60% between the pre- and during-Olympics periods, whereas ozone concentrations increased by 24%. The findings of the present study include statistically significant decreases in sCD62P and von Willebrand factor, implying the importance of thrombosis–endothelial dysfunction mechanism, along with statistically nonsignificant decreases in sCD40L, heart rate, and BP between pre- and during-Olympics periods. Although the reductions in von Willebrand factor and sCD62P were detected in healthy young subjects, where the findings are of uncertain clinical significance, these data may be particularly important when considering the increased air pollution-related cardiovascular health risks in an elderly population.
The ABP Dendrimer Saga
Published in Anne-Marie Caminade, Cédric-Olivier Turrin, Jean-Pierre Majoral, Phosphorus Dendrimers in Biology and Nanomedicine, 2018
Remy Poupot, Jeremy Ledall, Severine Fruchon
During assays testing decreasing doses of the ABP dendrimer (from 10 mg/kg to 1 gg/kg), we followed up the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-17) in the serum of dendrimer-treated IL-1 ra-/- mice, untreated IL-1 ra-/- mice, and healthy controls (Balb/c mice). For these four cytokines, their concentrations in the serum of IL-1 ra-/- mice treated with 1 and 10 mg/kg of the ABP dendrimer decreased to the level of the concentrations in healthy control mice. This indicates that the ABP dendrimer controls the systemic inflammation in this model. We have also shown that the ABP dendrimer is able to mitigate the secretion of matrix metalloproteases, thereby protecting cartilage from degradation [51].
Prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in the diagnosis of neurotoxicity after glufosinate ammonium poisoning
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Joochan Kim, Byeong Jo Chun, Jeong Mi Moon, Yongsoo Cho
Systemic inflammation is related to alterations in circulating blood cell composition as a response of the immune system to stress (Gabay, Kushner, and Epstein 1999; Zahorec 2001). WBC count was identified as an important systemic inflammatory marker. During acute inflammatory responses, neutrophil count increases and lymphocyte count falls (Zahorec 2001), therefore, NLR might be used as a rapid and simple parameter to identify systemic inflammation. It was postulated that NLR might predict neurotoxicity after glufosinate ammonium poisoning. Consistent with our expectations, NLR was independently associated to neurotoxicity of glufosinate ammonium. Hence, NLR might be employed to predict development of neurotoxicity at the ED for asymptomatic patients following r glufosinate ammonium poisoning.
Effect of a simulated tactical occupation task on physiological strain index, stress and inflammation
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2020
Cody E. Morris, Lee J. Winchester, Andrew J. Jackson, Ariel S. Tomes, Wesley A. Neal, Damon M. Wilcoxen, Harish Chander, Scott W. Arnett
All 10 participants read and signed the university's Institutional Review Board-approved informed consent. Participants were recreationally trained, healthy males. Prior to arrival for any session, all participants were requested to abstain from consuming caffeine for 3 h prior as well as to be at least 1 h following their most recent meal. Additionally, participants were asked to refrain from any vigorous-intensity exercise in the 24 h prior to testing sessions. Participants completed a 7-day physical activity recall to determine their physical activity status [9] as well as a physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) [10] in order to screen for any potential contraindications to exercise. A blood draw was performed in order to assess basal levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CRP is a marker of systemic inflammation and this blood draw was used as a baseline to compare future measures against. Four milliliters of blood were drawn from the cubital or cephalic vein of the participant’s arm following standard procedures.
Associations of physical activity, sedentary time, and diet quality with biomarkers of inflammation in children
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Eero A. Haapala, Juuso Väistö, Johanna K. Ihalainen, Claudia Tomaselli González, Marja H. Leppänen, Aapo Veijalainen, Taisa Sallinen, Aino-Maija Eloranta, Ulf Ekelund, Ursula Schwab, Soren Brage, Mustafa Atalay, Timo A. Lakka
Obese children have been found to have higher circulating levels of biomarkers of low-grade inflammation than their normal-weight peers (Lund et al., 2020). Furthermore, higher levels of PA and better diet quality, as indicated by a higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, berries, vegetable oils, and fish and low consumption of foods containing high amount of sugar, have been associated with lower levels of traditional cardiometabolic risk factors already in children (Eloranta et al., 2016; Poitras et al., 2016). Even if some of the associations of PA and diet quality with biomarkers for inflammation may be modified by fat mass, it has been suggested that increased PA and improved diet quality are independently associated with decreased systemic inflammation. There are few studies on the associations of PA and diet quality with biomarkers for inflammation in general populations of children and the observed associations have been weak (Poitras et al., 2016). Furthermore, screen time, commonly defined as time spent in TV viewing, and sedentary time (ST) assessed by accelerometers, has been directly associated with circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (Carson & Janssen, 2011; Gabel et al., 2016) but not with interleukin 6 (IL-6), adiponectin, or tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in children and adolescents (Gabel et al., 2016). The results of intervention studies in obese children suggest that exercise training has a potential to reduce circulating levels of hs-CRP (Han et al., 2019), leptin, and IL-6 (Sirico et al., 2018) and increase circulating levels of adiponectin (García-Hermoso et al., 2017; Sirico et al., 2018). Evidence on the effects of exercise training on individual biomarkers of inflammation is still mixed and most of the studies addressing this issue have been performed among overweight or obese children (García-Hermoso et al., 2017; Han et al., 2019; Sirico et al., 2018). These contradictory observations may be due to differences in exercise intensity or in the reduction of fat mass in response to exercise training (García-Hermoso et al., 2017).