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Head Injuries, Measurement Criteria and Helmet Design
Published in Youlian Hong, Routledge Handbook of Ergonomics in Sport and Exercise, 2013
Andrew Post, T. Blaine Hoshizaki, Sue Brien
A subdural hematoma is the collection of blood between the brain and the dura. It is usually a result of tears to the bridging veins, which tether the brain to the skull and empty into the venous sinuses. The tearing of these veins is a result of relative brain skull motions caused from motions of the skull from an impact. The location of subdural hematoma can vary, but appear primarily in the frontotemporoparietal regions.
An investigation of cerebral bridging veins rupture due to head trauma
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Hamed Abdi, Kamran Hassani, Shahrokh Shojaei
The head trauma could damage the bridge veins. Bleeding from these veins, which are located between the dura and arachnoid mater, leads to subdural hematoma. Aging and associated brain atrophy are major risk factors for SDH in the elderly. Nevertheless, the extent of their effects on the mechanism of this damage is not fully understood. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a numerical model for the elderly to investigate the effects of age and brain atrophy on the occurrence of subdural hematoma that leads to the rupture of bridging veins. We used the global local method to simulate SDH. Three groups of models were developed, including global solid, global FSI, and local solid models. Then, these models were validated by Nahum's studies. The Global models were subjected to head impact with a HIC value of 744 as a loading condition and the relative displacement, between the skull bone and brain tissue, as well as impact pressure, were calculated. The results of global solid and global FSI models were applied to the local model as boundary conditions to evaluate the damage to the cerebral bridge veins in more detail. Finally, the strains of the bridging veins in two local models were determined and compared to the ultimate strain values in experimental data.