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Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Spheroplast (Alternative spelling for sphaeroplast) is a microbial or plant cell from which most of the cell wall has been removed, usually by enzymatic treatment. Strictly, in a spheroplast, some of the cell wall remains, while in a protoplast the cell wall has been completely removed. In practice, the two words are often used interchangeably.
Expression of Genes in Bacteria, Yeast, and Cultured Mammalian Cells
Published in Jay L. Nadeau, Introduction to Experimental Biophysics, 2017
If all you need is a cell to express your gene, think of a bacterium or yeast cell first. These cells are easy and inexpensive to grow, do not require specialized infrastructure, and will express nearly all genes except some membrane proteins. If their rigid cell walls are a problem, spheroplasts or protoplasts can be made with only a membrane.
Improved bioethanol production using genome-shuffled Clostridium ragsdalei (DSM 15248) strains through syngas fermentation
Published in Biofuels, 2021
Siddhi Patankar, Amol Dudhane, A. D. Paradh, Sanjay Patil
Protoplast formation can be carried out using lytic enzymes to degrade the cell wall. The protoplasts thus formed are subjected to fusion using fusogenic agents like PEG. Lysozyme lyses the cell wall by hydrolysis of peptidoglycan, thus disrupting the cell wall and resulting in a spheroplast. Bacterial protoplasts are osmotically sensitive. Hence, lysozyme treatment with respect to concentration and time of treatment plays an important role in determining the viability of cells. The concentration of 10–20 mg/ml of lysozyme has been documented previously in relation to the preparation of protoplast of the Clostridium species [22,27]. The lysozyme treatment was optimised by treating the cells with different concentrations of lysozyme (10–20 mg/ml) for varying time intervals (30–120 minutes). Suitability of treatment was determined by microscopic observation for protoplast formation and the monitoring of viability using RCM agar (data not shown). In the current study, an optimised dose of 15 mg/ml for two hours was used for protoplast formation based on preliminary studies.