China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Plant Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
Somatic hybrid plants are generated by fusion of somatic cells. Cell fusion was developed after the successful culture of many plant cells that were stripped of their cell walls. The resulting cells without walls are referred to as protoplasts. Because protoplasts from phylogenetically unrelated species can also be fused, attempts have been made to overcome sexual incompatibility using protoplast fusion. In most cases, these attempts failed because growth and division of the fused cells did not take place when only distantly related cells were fused. Although successful fusions between sexually incompatible petunia species and between potatoes and tomatoes did not lead to economically interesting products, important contributions to the understanding of cell wall regeneration and other mechanisms were achieved (Figure 6.5).
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Protoplast (Gr. protoplastos, formed first) is a bacterial or plant cell for which the relatively rigid wall has been removed either chemically or enzymatically, leaving its cytoplasm enveloped by only a delicate peripheral membrane. Protoplasts are spherical and smaller than the elongate, angular shaped and often vacuolated cells from which they have been released.
Improved bioethanol production using genome-shuffled Clostridium ragsdalei (DSM 15248) strains through syngas fermentation
Published in Biofuels, 2021
Siddhi Patankar, Amol Dudhane, A. D. Paradh, Sanjay Patil
Protoplast formation can be carried out using lytic enzymes to degrade the cell wall. The protoplasts thus formed are subjected to fusion using fusogenic agents like PEG. Lysozyme lyses the cell wall by hydrolysis of peptidoglycan, thus disrupting the cell wall and resulting in a spheroplast. Bacterial protoplasts are osmotically sensitive. Hence, lysozyme treatment with respect to concentration and time of treatment plays an important role in determining the viability of cells. The concentration of 10–20 mg/ml of lysozyme has been documented previously in relation to the preparation of protoplast of the Clostridium species [22,27]. The lysozyme treatment was optimised by treating the cells with different concentrations of lysozyme (10–20 mg/ml) for varying time intervals (30–120 minutes). Suitability of treatment was determined by microscopic observation for protoplast formation and the monitoring of viability using RCM agar (data not shown). In the current study, an optimised dose of 15 mg/ml for two hours was used for protoplast formation based on preliminary studies.
Interspecific protoplast fusion of atmospheric and room-temperature plasma mutants of Aspergillus generates an L-asparaginase hyper-producing hybrid with techno-economic benefits
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Atim Asitok, Maurice Ekpenyong, Ernest Akwagiobe, Marcus Asuquo, Anitha Rao, David Ubi, Juliet Iheanacho, Eloghosa Ikharia, Agnes Antai, Joseph Essien, Sylvester Antai
Protoplast fusion is a method of strain improvement employed in modern biotechnology to recombine genomes with desirable traits in producer organisms to obtain superior strains for biotechnological applications.[16] Intraspecific,[17] interspecific[18] and intergeneric[19] protoplast fusion techniques have all been reported for improved production of pigment, β-glucosidase and L-asparaginase, respectively. The main thrust of protoplast fusion is to harness the entire genomic repertoire of the fuzing microorganisms by routing the natural barrier and genetic incompatibility between them.