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Case Studies on Medical Diagnosis Using Soft Computing Techniques
Published in J. Dinesh Peter, Steven Lawrence Fernandes, Carlos Eduardo Thomaz, Advances in Computerized Analysis in Clinical and Medical Imaging, 2019
Mary X. Anitha, Lina Rose, Aldrin Karunaharan, J. Anand Pushparaj
The mortality rate due to cancer is irrespective of the gender where lung cancer is the leading cause of death. Even though different treatments are available, none shows an accurate therapy for this deadly disease. In fact, the treatment options vary with the type of lung cancer—small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A minor category of lung cancer belongs to SCLC which is aggressive and grows and spreads faster to other organs. However, this accounts for only 15% of the total victims; to a great extent this case is associated with smoking habits. Less than 6% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer have never smoked. The second category constitutes for abnormal tumor cell formation in the lungs and spreads to a wide area. The brain child of image processing techniques can be used to determine and detect these lesions in lungs. An analysis of CT image of lungs is taken for study. An automatic approach of detection from CT thoracic images is designed that covers primary lung tumors and subsequent lymph nodes.
X-Ray Dark-Field Imaging of Lung Cancer in Mice
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Lung Imaging and CADx, 2019
Deniz A. Bölükbas, Darcy E. Wagner
Lung cancer is classified in two subtypes: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for 85% of all cases and is further categorized as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma of the lung (Figure 4.2) [5]. The most common subtype in both genders, adenocarcinoma of the lung, often arises at the peripheral regions of the lung and has a slower growth rate. Therefore, chances of detecting adenocarcinoma prior to its metastasis are higher [6]. Both squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma of the lung tend to arise at the proximal regions of the lung and are strongly correlated with cigarette smoking [7]. SCLC is also strongly associated with cigarette smoking and arises from neuroendocrine cells in the lung; it has the highest metastasis and lowest survival rates among all four subtypes [8].
Respiratory system and chest
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Bronchogenic carcinoma is classified into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SCLS accounts for about 15 per cent of new cases of bronchogenic carcinoma and is more aggressive than NSCLC. The TNM system is used to stage bronchogenic carcinoma:‘T’ includes features such as tumour size and evidence of chest wall or mediastinal invasion.‘N’ refers to regional hilar or mediastinal lymph node involvement.‘M’ refers to distant metastasis.
A new photoluminescent Zn(II) complex and its therapeutic effect on lung cancer
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Primary lung cancer is one of the general malignant tumors that distressingly endangered human health and life in the world.[1] According to the different tumor tissue morphology, lung cancer is primarily partitioned into small cell lung cancer (which also is SCLC) as well as non-small cell lung cancer (which also is NSLC, including large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, as well as squamous cell carcinoma).[2] The incidence of SCLC accounts for nearly fifteen percents of primary lung cancer. The degree of differentiation is low, blood metastasis is likely to occur earlier, and the prognosis is extremely poor. Even though the SCLC is more ingenious to initial therapy, it is prone to multi-drug resistance (MDR), which can cause chemotherapy failure.[3]
Machine learning-based lungs cancer detection using reconstruction independent component analysis and sparse filter features
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2021
Lal Hussain, Majid Saeed Almaraashi, Wajid Aziz, Nazneen Habib, Saif-Ur-Rehman Saif Abbasi
The NSCLC is fast growing and more common as compared to SCLC being slow in growing and spreading [6]. SCLC is commonly associated with smoking and forms tumor and grows rapidly and spread quickly in the body. The deaths due to the lung cancer are related to the total amount of cigarette smoked [7]. Lung cancer is considered as one of the most feared and dreadful diseases, which is most prevalent and is significantly increasing the death rate of more than 1.4 million deaths per year [8,9]. Experienced pathologists can evaluate the microscopic histopathology slides to inquire and diagnose the malignant cells [10,11] that defines the types and subtypes of lung cancers, inclusive of two main types of NSCLC: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma [12,13]. There are many factors involved in its growth including proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and autocrine growth loops. Consequently, the diagnosing and treatment of SCLC is different from NSCLC. Early detection of NSCLC can play a vital role in the survival rate of 35–85% depending upon the stage of tumor detection and its type [14]. Late detection of most of the cancer cases is a considerable factor in determining the survival rate, due to which the overall five-year survival rate for NSCLC is only 16% [15]. The chemotherapy is the standard therapy for SCLC reflecting 60% of SCLC patients [16].