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Properties and Therapeutic Potentials of Adult Stem Cells from Bone Marrow Stroma (MSCs)
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Stem cells or stem-like cells from multiple sources are now under investigation but much of the information on the similarities and differences among the cells is incomplete. A few distinctions, however, can be made. hMSCs are not immortal,2,64 do not express telomerase,70 and have not formed tumors after infusion into animals in extensive experiments carried out over the last 30 years.1,2 Therefore, they do not have the tumorogenic propensities of embryonic stem cells (ES),5 and other immortal cell lines. With the exception of one report suggesting rare engraftment as thymocytes in utero,20 standard preparations of MSCs have not been observed to give rise to hematopoietic cells. Therefore, they differ from CD34+ hematopoietic cells, side population (SP) hematopoietic cells (SP cells are a small homogeneous population of hematopoietic stem cells able to efflux Hoechst dye)38,72 or embryonic stem (ES) cells73 and they are not as pluripotent as ES cells. However, some of the data suggesting broad pluripotentiality of some stem cells such as neural stem cells74 must be reevaluated. As indicated by recent reports,75 the apparent plasticity observed in some experiments may be explained by cell fusion and formation of tetraploid cells. The cell fusion events are rare but can mimic cell differentiation in experiments in which stem cells are injected into embryos or blastocytes and the fused cells are then extensively amplified during development.
Bystander effect of ultraviolet A radiation protects A375 melanoma cells by induction of antioxidant defense
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2022
The side population (SP) of CSC was determined from Hoechst efflux assay, as described earlier.26 After treatment 1 × 106 cells were incubated with Hoechst 33342 (5 μg/mL) (Sigma, USA) final concentration for 45 min in a 37° C in a water bath with gentle agitation every 15 min. Next, the cells were washed in chilled PBS, re-suspended in cell culture media at 37° C and incubated for another 45 min for efflux of the dye. Verapamil (75 μg/ml) treatment for 15 min at 37° C was used as a positive control.35 The fluorescence of Hoechst 33342 dye was recorded in a flow cytometer (FACS Calibur, BD Biosciences; USA).