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Body Systems: The Basics
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Three components make up the reproductive system/genitalia for both males and females: gonads, ducts, and external genitalia. The ovaries are the female gonads. They reside deep in the pelvis and produce ova or eggs which carry the female’s genetic material for reproduction. Male gonads, the testes, are part of the male external genitalia and are located in the scrotum, a muscular skin structure suspended from the body. Testes produce sperm, the structural vehicle for the male’s genetic material in reproduction. Sperm development is temperature sensitive, a fact to be considered when designing products that cover the male genitalia. The egg and sperm are the key elements that merge to reproduce the species—make a baby. Males and females have ducts or tubes that transport eggs and sperm internally. The external genitalia, the penis and scrotum with testes of a male and vulva and clitoris of a female help connect partners in sexual intercourse to convey sperm to egg. If conception (merger of sperm and egg) occurs, the female reproductive system holds and nourishes the fetus (developing infant) and gives an exit path via the vagina for the baby’s birth. Wearable products for both men and women are used as a means to prevent conception (Chapter 5).
Sonography in Male Infertility
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
Normal size of the testis, as estimated by sonographic assessment of healthy volunteers, is 3.8 × 3 × 2.5 cm. The testis is denoted on sonograms as a homogeneous structure with a medium echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma. In the upper pole, it can be seen as an irregular area of hyperechogenicity which corresponds to the testicular net. The epididymis is more echogenic than the testicular parenchyma and, usually, the head of the epididymis is visible. The tail of the epididymis cannot be demonstrated sonographically in 20 to 40% of cases, and a small quantity of liquid surrounding the testis may be seen in 86% of cases. The thickness of the scrotal skin is 2 to 8 mm (Figure 15).
Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Published in Yuli Rahmawati, Peter Charles Taylor, Empowering Science and Mathematics for Global Competitiveness, 2019
E. Lisanti, R.D. Wulandari, D. Sajuthi, M. Agil, R.I. Arifiantini, A. Winarto, Arwin
The testis have a function, namely as a place for spermatogenesis and androgen production. Testicles and are very important genital and reproductive tract glands in producing spermatozoa (Cheah & Yang, 2011). It is necessary to examine whether the seeds of the neem affect body weight, morphometry of the testis and reversibility of testicular and epididymides morphometry after treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reversibility and morphometry of the testis and epididymides after treatment with aqueous neem seed extract.
Hyperlipidemia and male infertility
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Zainab Bubakr Hamad Zubi, Hamad Abdulsalam Hamad Alfarisi
Male reproductive system is responsible for production, storage and transport of sperm under hormonal control. The sperm and testosterone hormone are produced in two testes protected in the scrotal sac. The sperm pass from the testis to the epididymis where the storage of sperm occurs. Just before ejaculation, the sperm pass from the epididymis to the vas deferens. The vas deferens joins the ejaculatory duct from the seminal vesicle. At time of ejaculation, the sperm mix with the seminal fluid produced by seminal vesicle and prostate to produce semen which passes out of the body through urethral meatus [14].
Zearalenone perturbs the circadian clock and inhibits testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Lijia Zhao, Yaoyao Xiao, Cuimei Li, Jing Zhang, Yaojia Zhang, Meina Wu, Tiantian Ma, Luda Yang, Xiaoyu Wang, Haizhen Jiang, Qian Li, Hongcong Zhao, Yiqun Wang, Aihua Wang, Yaping Jin, Huatao Chen
As a reproductive organ, the testes play a vital role in reproduction and endocrine functions. Mammalian testes are heterogeneous organs comprised several well-defined cell types, including germ cells at different stages of development, Sertoli cells, and LCs (Skurikhin et al. 2017). LCs are located in the testicular stroma adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes and are essential for the synthesis of testosterone, which regulates spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, and sexual functions in male animals (Nef and Parada 2000; Smith and Walker 2014).