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Chemistry of Contaminants
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Environmental Compliance Handbook, 2023
Benzoylmethylecgonine or cocaine is a stimulant affecting the central nervous system and also acts as an appetite suppressant. Antibiotics inhibit the growth of bacteria. Sildenafil citrate is an arterial stimulant that was originally intended to treat high blood pressure (Barnes et al. 2008). Testosterone is a male sex hormone, an anabolic steroid, and affects the growth of muscle mass. Two other emerging contaminants of note include a group of compounds called perchlorates and the compound 1,4-dioxane.
Land Contamination
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Environmental Compliance Handbook, 2023
Benzoylmethylecgonine or cocaine is a stimulant affecting the central nervous system and also acts as an appetite suppressant. Antibiotics inhibit the growth of bacteria. Sildenafil citrate is an arterial stimulant that was originally intended to treat high blood pressure (Barnes et al. 2008). Testosterone is a male sex hormone, an anabolic steroid, and affects the growth of muscle mass.
Evaluation of glyphosate exposure on testosterone among U.S. adult men
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2023
Frank Glover, Dana Barr, Jasmin Eatman, Wade Muncey, Francesco Del Giudice, Federico Belladelli, Nicolas Seranio, Michael L. Eisenberg
Testosterone is an important hormone that regulates a number of key physiological processes in men, including those governing lean body mass, libido, and sperm production (Köhn 2006). Low testosterone has been implicated in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, erectile dysfunction, reduced sex drive, and mood disorders (Jia et al. 2015). Clinically, low testosterone can be defined as a serum testosterone <300 ng/dL, and men generally experience a gradual decline in testosterone overtime (Ross and Bhasin 2016). Low testosterone affects roughly 30% of men between the ages of 40–79, and a number of risk factors have been identified including obesity, kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, chemical exposures, and low physical activity (Del Giudice et al. 2021; Glover, Caudle, et al. 2022; Glover, Del Giudice, et al. 2022; Holt et al. 2014; Ross and Bhasin, 2016). While these biological, environmental, and social factors have improved our understanding of mechanisms governing testosterone production, the etiology of low testosterone remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we consider glyphosate’s relationship with testosterone among U.S. adult men.
Investigation of associations between exposures to pesticides and testosterone levels in Thai farmers
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2018
Parinya Panuwet, Chandresh Ladva, Dana Boyd Barr, Tippawan Prapamontol, John D. Meeker, Priya Esilda D'Souza, Héctor Maldonado, P. Barry Ryan, Mark G. Robson
This study aimed to investigate the linear associations between levels of urinary pesticide metabolites and total and free serum testosterone in male northern Thai farmers. The urinary biomarkers measured in this study are derived from pesticides that are metabolized quickly; therefore, the measured concentrations indicate recent exposures. Testosterone in men acts in all organs and systems and has a significant influence on physical appearance, behavior, mentality, abilities, sexuality, and social status.26 Alterations of both total and free testosterone levels may change these aspects. Moreover, reduction of testosterone may lead to impaired spermatogenesis and infertility or sterility.27 In this study, the associations between pesticide metabolites and levels of total and free testosterone were evaluated. Levels of total testosterone are related to the production capacity of Leydig cells. Alteration of total testosterone levels may indicate exposure-induced malfunction of the Leydig cells or exposure-induced inhibition of the enzymes responsible for testosterone production. Changes in levels of free testosterone, the biologically active fraction of the hormone, are of interest, as they may be indicative of exposure-related outcomes on male sexual characteristics.
Behaviour of salivary testosterone and cortisol in men during an Ironman Triathlon
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Diana Vaamonde, Juan Manuel García-Manso, Carolina Algar-Santacruz, Asghar Abbasi, Samuel Sarmiento, Teresa Valverde-Esteve
The reproductive endocrine system seems to be particularly sensitive to exercise-related stress. Testosterone is the main male hormone and is a steroid hormone primarily secreted in the testes of males and the ovaries of females, although small amounts are also secreted by the adrenal glands. This hormone, with a host of receptors on different tissues and the resulting signalling processes, are an important stimulator of muscle growth (Urban, 2011) and performance (Vingren et al., 2010). In the present study, testosterone showed a statistically significant decrease at the post-swimming phase compared to pre-competition values. However, after swimming phase, Ts levels were increased during cycling and running until end of the competition (55.6%).