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Integration of Chinese and Western medicine in fainting during acupuncture treatment
Published in Artde D.K.T. Lam, Stephen D. Prior, Siu-Tsen Shen, Sheng-Joue Young, Liang-Wen Ji, Smart Science, Design & Technology, 2019
Chinese medicine employs the diagnostic methods of observation, listening, interrogation and pulse-taking as well as treatment based on various symptoms. Similarly, Western medicine observation also serves as the initial step, but subsequent diagnosis is based on functions of the physiological system and various physiological monitoring data. For instance, electrocardiogram (EKG) can be used to diagnose abnormal heart rate, arrhythmia and myocardial injury; sphygmomanometer can measure arterial blood pressure to analyze arteriolar resistance, circulating blood volume, and compliance of vessel wall; digital arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory rate can be used as preliminary indications of the aerobic and anoxic states of systemic tissues. When the patient is experiencing arrhythmia, heart valve disease (HVD) or coronary artery disease (CAD), the baroreceptor reflex may not be triggered during FDAT, thus leading to enhanced activity of the parasympathetic nerve caused by the vasovagal reflex. As such, rapidly decreasing heart rate, myocardial ischemia and lowering blood pressure can result in cardiovascular shock. Patients will experience fast and shallow breathing during FDAT and shock, so if there is no oxygen supply, the arterial blood oxygen saturation will fail to the recovery of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and cardiac rhythm.
MRI-based IGRT for lung cancer
Published in Jing Cai, Joe Y. Chang, Fang-Fang Yin, Principles and Practice of Image-Guided Radiation Therapy of Lung Cancer, 2017
Currently, the only system that is clinically implemented and used for patient treatment is the MRIdian system from ViewRay, which utilizes a gating technique. Real-time MRI guidance with cine MRI gating is presently used in two general clinical scenarios: coached breath-hold and free-breathing techniques. When breath-hold delivery techniques are desired, patients' pre-treatment simulation/planning images should be acquired at maximum inhalation breath-hold (MIBH) or exhale breath-hold breathing states. However, before decision for breath-hold versus free-breathing treatment, each patient's tumor motion, breath-hold reproducibility, and breath-hold tolerance must be evaluated at simulation. Patients should therefore all undergo simulation with a free-breathing, max inspiratory breath-hold, and/or a shallow breathing method for evaluation of the optimal strategy on an individualized basis. If a patient tolerates breath-hold and it is the physician's preference, the breath-hold simulation scans will be selected for use for planning and all subsequent daily set-up images will be acquired at the appropriate matching stage of inhalation or exhalation. For patient comfort, a MIBH simulation and treatment modality is often selected.
Clinical Workflows Supported by Patient Care Device Data
Published in John R. Zaleski, Clinical Surveillance, 2020
One measure that has been used as a simple determinant of the successful ability to wean from mechanical ventilation is the rapid-shallow breathing index (RSBI) developed originally by Yang and Tobin [113]. The RSBI ratio of respiratory rate to tidal volume is defined in Equation 5.11. The ratio of respiration rate to tidal volume during spontaneous breathing trials as a scalar assessment of likelihood that a patient could be successfully extubated. Yang and Tobin had determined in their original research findings that a patient who experienced a ratio below 105 during the period of spontaneous breathing trials was less likely to be successfully extubated than a candi-date with a ratio value above 105.
Physiological responses to treadmill exercise in size- and fitness-matched male and female firefighter applicants
Published in Ergonomics, 2023
Cameron M. Ehnes, Michael P. Scarlett, Eric M. Adams, Randy W. Dreger, Stewart R. Petersen
Scarlett et al. (2022) recently reported that the average oxygen uptake measured during 12 studies of simulated fire-rescue work was 2.82 ± 0.32 L·min−1 (range, 2.35 − 3.48 L·min−1). The average V̇O2 during the treadmill protocol for all subjects in this study was ∼2.44 L·min−1. As shown in Table 3 (left), at a consistent, occupationally relevant oxygen uptake, minute ventilation and the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen were significantly higher in females. At a consistent minute ventilation, females adopted a more rapid and shallow breathing pattern. Furthermore, the consistent V̇E of 75 L·min−1 represented a significantly higher fraction of peak ventilation in the females. We speculate these findings align with previous work, and the relative resistive work of breathing is higher for females across the spectrum of exercise intensity, driven, at least partially, by morphological differences between the sexes (Dominelli et al., 2015; Dominelli et al. 2018; Peters et al. 2021).
Knowledge of and attitude toward venous thromboembolism among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2022
Adnan Raed Alnaser, Abdullah Abdulaziz Abdulwahab Khojah, Ammar S. A. Hashemi, Bandar Alsabban, Ammar Y. E. Musa, Eltayeb A. Albasheer, Tawfik Mamoun Rajab, Mohamed A. Ali, Juliann Saquib, Abdulrahman Almazrou, Nazmus Saquib
Leg pain (45.1%), leg swelling (36.6%), and a change in leg color (36.6%) were the most common correctly recognized symptoms. Only 15.7% of the drivers who were aware of VTE correctly identified all four DVT symptoms. Incorrectly identified DVT symptoms included leg paralysis (35.5%) and leg itching (22.5%) (Table 2). The correctly recognized PE signs/symptoms included shortness of breath (43.9%), chest pain (37.5%), rapid heart rate (33.5%), and lightheadedness (30.5%). The symptom that was least recognized was coughing up blood (21.4%). Only 7.4% of the drivers correctly identified all five PE symptoms. Interestingly, 33.3% incorrectly thought that slow, shallow breathing was a PE sign/symptom, and 21.4% thought pain radiating down the arm was a PE sign/symptom. The incorrect recognition of slow, shallow breathing as a symptom/sign of PE was higher than the correct recognition of lightheadedness and coughing up blood (Table 2).
Wearing body armour and backpack loads increase the likelihood of expiratory flow limitation and respiratory muscle fatigue during marching
Published in Ergonomics, 2019
Nicola C. D. Armstrong, Amanda Ward, Mitch Lomax, Michael J. Tipton, James R. House
During the current study, O2 and E increased with mass carried and exercise intensity (Table 4). These additional ventilatory requirements were met by increases in ƒb rather than VT leading to a rapid and shallow breathing pattern (Table 4). A concomitant rise in E/CO2 and reduction in PETCO2 was also present during very heavy exercise in the heaviest loads which is indicative of hyperventilation (Table 4). This inefficient pattern of breathing will have increased work of breathing and contributed to the observed respiratory muscle fatigue.