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Introduction
Published in Laurence J. Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, 2023
Air intake (inspiration) is accomplished mainly by the muscles of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles of the rib cage. The diaphragm is normally a sheet of muscle domed up at the bottom of the chest cavity. When it contracts, it flattens out, pulling air into the lungs. The intercostal muscles act to “square up” the chest cavity, thus increasing its volume, again drawing air into the lungs. During maximal inspiratory efforts, some other muscles around the chest cavity may also assist the diaphragm and intercostals.
Speech Production
Published in Randy Goldberg, Lance Riek, A Practical Handbook of Speech Coders, 2019
Figure 2.2 displays a simplified schematic of the primary vocal operators of the vocal tract. The diaphragm expands and contracts assisting the lungs in forcing air through the trachea, across the vocal cords and finally into the nasal and oral cavities. The air flows across the tongue, lips, and teeth and out the nostrils and the mouth. The glottis (opening formed by vocal cords or vocal folds) can allow the air from the lungs to pass relatively unimpeded or can break the flow into periodic pulses. The velum can be raised or lowered to block passage, or allow acoustic coupling, of the nasal cavity. The tongue and lips, in conjunction with the lower jaw, act to provide varying degrees of constriction at different locations. The tongue, lips, and jaw are grouped under the title artic-ulators, and a particular configuration is called an articulatory position or articulatory gesture.
Introduction
Published in Laurence J. Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, 2016
Air intake (inspiration) is accomplished mainly by the muscles of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles of the rib cage. The diaphragm is normally a sheet of muscle domed up at the bottom of the chest cavity. When it contracts, it flattens out, pulling air into the lungs. The intercostal muscles act to “square up” the chest cavity, thus increasing its volume, again drawing air into the lungs. During maximal inspiratory efforts, some other muscles around the chest cavity may also assist the diaphragm and intercostals.
Novel Biometric Approach Based on Diaphragmatic Respiratory Movements Using Single-Lead EMG Signals
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Beyza Eraslan, Kutlucan Gorur, Feyzullah Temurtas
Electromyography is the manner by which respiratory rate and muscle function can be obtained simultaneously [27]. It measures the electrical potential of muscle fibres stimulated by electrical impulses. It is used in the suspicion of diaphragm paralysis. sEMG of diaphragmatic muscle movement can be applied to assess respiratory stimulation [28]. EMG, which is an important step in evaluating muscle coordination, plays an important role in the diagnosis of the disease. At the same time, the strength of the respiratory muscle can be directly related to the patient’s breathing ability, which determines his physical mobility. The diaphragm, which is the main respiratory muscle in humans, is a structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and helps respiratory movements with its muscular structure. The stabilization of respiratory muscle coordination can be assessed by EMG timing. When the studies are examined, it is observed that EMG and respiratory studies are generally used in the diagnosis of diseases such as respiratory disorders and lung diseases.
Effect of muscle distribution on lung function in young adults
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Wenbo Shu, Mengchi Chen, Zhengyi Xie, Liqian Huang, Binbin Huang, Peng Liu
A prolonged state of decline in VC results in hindered muscle function of the limbs, atrophy, weakness, and reduction of oxidative capacity (Bui et al. 2019; Shah et al. 2019). Swallow et al. found that the strength of the quadriceps muscle can predict the mortality of patients with moderate to severe COPD (Swallow et al. 2007). In addition to increasing the strength of the breathing muscles, exercise and training of the limbs can also enhance the contractility of the diaphragm, improve the elasticity of the thorax and alveoli, and improve lung compliance (Haas et al. 1985). All of the above are the correlation studies between lung function and limb function in patients with lung diseases. A strong positive correlation also exists between the strength of the flexor and extensor muscles of the lower limbs and the strength of the respiratory muscles in healthy people. The joint development of these parameters is conducive to improving the performance of athletes (Akınog˘Lu et al. 2019). Amann et al. (2010) found that the central brain commands, and the afferent feedback from the muscles of the limbs interact with each other, affecting the cardiopulmonary response. As such, limb function and respiratory function are closely related and affect the size of lung capacity. The role of limb muscle tissue is important.
Thoracoabdominal breathing motion pattern and coordination of professional ballet dancers
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2019
Isabella Martins Rodrigues, Gustavo Ramos Dalla Bernardina, Karine Jacon Sarro, Guido Baroni, Pietro Cerveri, Amanda Piaia Silvatti
Pulmonary breathing is strictly related to thoracoabdominal motion: the coordinated action of breathing muscles moves the rib cage and abdomen, increasing thoracoabdominal volume and generating pressure alterations necessary to air displacement in and out the lungs (Ward & Macklem, 1990). The most important muscle for inhaling is the diaphragm. It consists of a large muscular dome, attached to the lower end of the sternum, to the lowest six ribs, and to the spine. When the diaphragm contracts during inspiration its dome goes down, making the lower ribs go up and the abdominal wall goes out by pushing down the abdominal organs. The upper ribs are elevated by the action of the intercostal muscles and some upper girdle muscles. During expiration, the abdominal muscles’ contraction increases intra-abdominal pressure and pushes the organs back up into the diaphragm, helping the lungs expel air (Ward & Macklem, 1990). Therefore, a coordinated breathing consists on the expansion of the thorax and abdomen during inhale, and retraction of the thorax and abdomen during exhale.