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Introduction
Published in Venkatesan Rajinikanth, E. Priya, Hong Lin, Fuhua Lin, Hybrid Image Processing Methods for Medical Image Examination, 2021
Venkatesan Rajinikanth, E. Priya, Hong Lin, Fuhua Lin
The lung is the vital organ responsible for supplying oxygen to the human body. The purpose of the respiratory arrangement is to extract oxygen from the atmosphere and shift it into the bloodstream while discharging carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere, a process of gas exchange. Humans have two lungs which are located in the thoracic cavity of the chest. The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest along with the heart. The tissue of the lungs can be infected a variety of respiratory illnesses including pneumonia and lung cancer. The recently-emerged COVID-19 also infects the lungs at a considerable rate, causing medium/heavy pneumonia. If left untreated, lung disease can affect the respiratory system and disturb the gas exchange between the bloodstream and the atmosphere [3].Chest Radiograph
Nanomedicine: Could It Be a Boon for Pulmonary Fungal Infections?
Published in Sarwar Beg, Mahfoozur Rahman, Md. Abul Barkat, Farhan J. Ahmad, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease, 2019
Biswajit Mukherjee, Ashique Al Hoque, Shreyasi Chakraborty, Leena Kumari, Somdatta Roy, Paramita Paul
Lung is a vital organ to sustain life. Lungs are responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide and thus optimize gas exchange between our blood and the air (Figure 6.1). The lungs are a pair of spongy organs located in the thoracic cavity. Both lungs have a central recession called the hilum at the root of the lung, where the blood vessels and bronchus enter into the organ (Standring & Borley, 2008). The elastic fibers of the lungs aid it to expand and contract during breathing. Healthy lungs have a smooth, shiny surface because they are encased in a series membrane called the visceral pleura (Dorland, 2011). There is also a pleural covering called the parietal pleura that lines the inner surface of the chest cavity. Both the pleurae are normally slippery and slide easily against each other. The lung is connected to the heart and trachea by the root. It consists of bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, bronchial arteries and veins, pulmonary plexuses of nerves, lymphatic vessels, bronchial lymph glands, and areolar tissue.
New Approaches from Nanomedicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Tuberculosis
Published in Ana Rute Neves, Salette Reis, Nanoparticles in Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 2018
Joana Magalhães, Alexandre C. Vieira, Soraia Pinto, Sara Pinheiro, Andreia Granja, Susana Santos, Marina Pinheiro, Salette Reis
Anatomically, the human respiratory system is divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. The nose, pharynx, and larynx are the components of the upper respiratory tract. The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs. The thoracic cavity is delimited by the chest wall and the diaphragm [42].
A hybrid lung segmentation algorithm based on histogram-based fuzzy C-means clustering
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2018
Emine Doğanay, Sadık Kara, Hatice Kutbay Özçelik, Levent Kart
Organ appearances and diseases differ between people, and segmentation of medical images is difficult. Some data collection conditions including patient positions and scan protocols affect image quality and segmentation. Lung segmentation requires preprocessing steps to extract lung structures. However, to correctly define the segmentation, we need to have some knowledge about lung anatomy and should understand what is visible in an HRCT lung slice. If the lung anatomy is well understood, then it will help to recognise and manage different respiratory abnormalities. Figure 1 shows an example slice from an HRCT scan of the lung. The lungs are a pair of respiratory organs situated in a thoracic cavity. The lungs are divided by the mediastinum. The lung anatomy contains the lung parenchyma that is subdivided into lobes and segments (Waitches & Stern 2002).