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Case Study-Based Big Data and IoT in Healthcare
Published in Govind Singh Patel, Seema Nayak, Sunil Kumar Chaudhary, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Big Data, and Internet of Things for Healthcare, 2023
Arun Kumar Garov, A.K. Awasthi
Asthma is a respiratory disease in which the patient has difficulty breathing in the presence of airborne particles. If the patient does not take care of the convenience, then suddenly there may be trouble, so it becomes necessary for the patient to have an inhaler. In today’s era, the inhalers connected to Internet of Things are an the inhalers is connected to patient with IoT to avoid the problem, which was polluted due to environment around the patient.
Evaluating the Impact of Sleep Disruptions in Women through Automated Analysis
Published in Erick C. Jones, Supply Chain Engineering and Logistics Handbook, 2020
Shalini Gupta, Felicia Jefferson, Erick C. Jones
In the case of sleep apnea, a person suffers by snoring, breathing interruption, and daytime sleepiness [112]. More than 20 million Americans have sleep apnea problem, and particularly 25% of women over 50 years of age admit this issue [102]. The main reason behind sleep apnea is overweight and abdominal fat during menopause [115]. This causes a decrease in progesterone and further leads to higher risks of fluctuating blood pressure and cardiovascular disease and stroke [113]. However, a number of suitable treatments are available to manage this disorder.
Body Systems: The Basics
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The respiratory system is made up of the lungs and air passages that bring in and expel air. It acts as an interface between the external environment and body tissues. The respiratory system and the circulatory system must work together to supply a basic element of life, oxygen, to the body. The lungs work in a bellows fashion as the diaphragm, a muscle below the lungs, helps in the expansion and contraction of the lungs in the action known as breathing. The respiratory system brings oxygen to the circulatory system where it can be transported throughout the body. The circulatory system returns carbon dioxide, a waste product of the body’s oxygen and nutrient use, to the lungs where it can be expelled from the body. Respiratory system actions influence body form in the upper torso, the lower torso, and the waistline. A waistline measurement taken with a breath in, inhalation, will differ from a measurement taken after a breath out, exhalation.
Speed and Accuracy Trade-off ANN/SVM Based Sleep Apnea Detection with FPGA Implementation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Talal Bonny, Mahmmud Qatmh, Khaled Obaideen, Maryam Nooman AlMallahi, Mohammad Al-Shabi, Ahmed Al-Shammaa
Recent research has revealed promising results in the application of deep learning, embedded systems, and FPGA implementation (Bonny and Henkel 2007, 2008, 2010, 2022), particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnoea (Nausheen et al. 2018; Sambas et al. 2021; Aiyer et al. 2022; Karnati et al. 2022; Sahu et al. 2022, 2023; Baba and Bonny 2023). Sleep apnoea is a common sleep disorder that can lead to a range of health problems, including high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke, due to interrupted breathing during sleep. The current diagnostic process involves an overnight sleep study in a specialised clinic, which can be costly and inconvenient for patients. However, the use of deep learning algorithms implemented on FPGAs has shown that sleep apnoea can be accurately diagnosed using simple sensors, such as a smartphone or wearable device. By analysing signals such as heart rate and breathing patterns, these algorithms can detect episodes of sleep apnoea and estimate their severity, providing a more accessible and affordable solution for diagnosis and monitoring. Additionally, deep learning algorithms can assist in the optimisation of therapy for sleep apnoea, improving patient outcomes. The integration of deep learning and FPGA implementation in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnoea has the potential to reduce healthcare costs while improving patient outcomes. It is an exciting area of research that promises significant benefits for the healthcare industry.
Physiological and pathophysiological implications of hydrogen sulfide: a persuasion to change the fate of the dangerous molecule
Published in Journal of the Chinese Advanced Materials Society, 2018
Jan Mohammad Mir, Ram Charitra Maurya
In normal physiological conditions, it is important to detect concentrations of oxygen in the blood and to respond to hypoxia by dilating blood vessels to increase blood flow. O2 levels are also relayed to brainstem neurons associated with regulation of breathing and the cardiovascular system. Several observations suggest that H2S serves as an O2 sensor in vascular responses to hypoxia [83]: (a) hypoxia and H2S produce quantitatively identical responses in the vascular system. (b) Hypoxia and H2S are competitive; i.e. in the presence of either one, the response to the other is eliminated. (c) Suppression of H2S production inhibits hypoxic responses. The carotid bodies are the sensory organs responsible for monitoring arterial blood O2 concentrations and H2S has been shown to enhance sensory responses of the carotid bodies to hypoxia.[116] H2S production in carotid bodies is increased in hypoxia, and responses to hypoxia are severely impaired in CSE knockout mice. These observations confirm previous findings that H2S mediates O2 sensing in vascular system. It is interesting to note that H2S production is closely linked to cellular oxidative states in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[117] Oxidative stress causes depletion of GSH and cysteine, which in turn stimulates the production of H2S.
Modeling pressure relationships of inspired air into the human lung bifurcations through simulations
Published in International Journal for Computational Methods in Engineering Science and Mechanics, 2018
Parya Aghasafari, Israr B.M. Ibrahim, Ramana Pidaparti
Human lung is one of the most complicated systems in the respiratory system and has twenty-three generations of branching airways [1]. Inhalation is the passage of air into the lungs to supply the body with oxygen, and the passage of air out of the lungs to extrude carbon dioxide is known as exhalation; this aggregate process is called breathing or ventilation. Diaphragm's contraction causes lung volume expansion during the process of inhalation. Based on the principles of Boyle's Law, lung pressure would decrease due to volume expansion which leads to pressure gradient between the atmosphere and the lung. This pressure gradient allows air to rush into the lungs and inhalation occurs.